This article presents an overview of advanced technologies utilizing synthesized nanoparticles for the selective separation and purification of crude oil. The growing demand for cleaner fuels and more efficient refining methods has driven the development of nanotechnology-based solutions in the petroleum industry. Engineered nanoparticles, including metal oxides, carbon-based nanostructures, and functionalized silica, have demonstrated exceptional selectivity, surface reactivity, and stability under harsh processing conditions. The study highlights the mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with crude oil components—such as asphaltenes, resins, and sulfur-containing compounds—enabling targeted removal and separation. Laboratory-scale experiments and pilot-scale applications are analyzed to assess improvements in phase separation, emulsion breaking, and reduction of processing time and energy consumption. The results support the feasibility of integrating nanoparticle-based systems into conventional refining processes to enhance performance, reduce environmental impact, and increase the yield of high-value fractions. These technologies show strong potential for contributing to the future of sustainable and efficient crude oil treatment.

Ushbu maqolada sportning stol tennis turi bo‘yicha to‘garaklarda shug‘ullanuvchi 12 yoshli bolalar bilan olib borilgan mashg‘ulot jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Asosiy e’tibor sportchilarning jismoniy tayyorgarligini xalqaro me’yorlar darajasiga yetkazish, ularning tezkorlik va chaqqonlik sifatlarini rivojlantirish masalalariga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot davomida yuqori shiddatli yuklamalarning organizmga salbiy ta’siri, musobaqa oldi tayyorgarlik bosqichlarining uzviyligi va nazorat mashqlari orqali jismoniy rivojlanish dinamikasini aniqlash usullari o‘rganilgan.

Penetration testing (or “pen testing”) is a proactive security technique used to evaluate the defenses of computer systems, networks, and applications by simulating attacks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of penetration testing, covering its phases, methodologies, tools, and ethical/legal considerations. We describe key steps such as planning, reconnaissance, exploitation, and reporting, and discuss different approaches (external, internal, blind, etc.). Common tools (e.g. Nmap, Metasploit, Burp Suite) are reviewed. Ethical issues such as obtaining authorization and complying with laws (e.g. avoiding unauthorized access) are highlighted. Practical examples and diagrams illustrate how penetration tests are conducted in real-world scenarios.

Ushbu tаdqiqоtning mаqsаdi advokatura institutining huquqiy maqomi va faoliyatining asosiy tamoyillari, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish masalalari, Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish yo‘llari, amaldagi qonunchilikdagi muammolar va ularni bartaraf qilish, xorij tajribasi asosida advokatura va adliya organlari o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarni optimallashtirish bilаn bоg‘liq muаmmоlаrga yechim topishdan ibоrаt. Muаmmоni nаzаriy tеkshirish O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi va advokatura instituti o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish masalalari, advokaturaning mustaqilligiga to‘siq bo‘layotgan muammolarni aniqlash vа tаhlil qilish, ular o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish bо‘yichа ilmiy аsоslаngаn vа muhim аmаliy аhаmiyаt kаsb еtuvchi tаkliflаr ishlаb chiqish. Mаqоlаdа ushbu sоhаdаgi mаvjud huquqiy bо‘shliqlаrni аniqlаb, ulаrni bаrtаrаf etishning zаmоnаviy, innоvаtsiоn vа xаlqаrо tаjribаgа аsоslаngаn yоndаshuvlаrini ilgаri surаdi.

Maqolada dinning Eron Islom Respublikasining tashqi siyosat strategiyalarida asosiy omil sifatidagi roli ko‘rib chiqiladi, din uning tashqi aloqalarini shakllantirishda asosiy vosita sifatida qanday ishlashi tahlil qilinadi. U Eronning geosiyosiy manfaatlarini, xususan, uning inqilobiy ta’limoti doirasida ta’minlash uchun diniy tamoyillardan foydalanishning mafkuraviy va amaliy mexanizmlarini o‘rganadi.