This article presents information about the ancient Eastern civilizations and their societies that for the first time in human history formed centralized states, writing, law, education, and social institutions. Based on sources, it is shown that these regions - Babylon (Mesopotamia), Egypt, China, and India - occupied an important place in history not only for the achievements of material culture, but also for their educational systems and ideas.

Ushbu maqolada inson shaxsining shakllanishida yashash joyining - ya’ni makon va muhitning — o‘rni va ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shaxs rivojlanishiga shaharlik va qishloq sharoitining psixologik, ijtimoiy hamda madaniy jihatdan ko‘rsatadigan ta’siri ilmiy manbalar asosida o‘rganiladi. Turli yashash joylarida tarbiyalangan shaxslarning ijtimoiy moslashuvi, kommunikativ salohiyati, hayotga bo‘lgan qarashlari va motivatsiyasi o‘rtasidagi farqlar tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, ekologik muhit, urbanizatsiya darajasi, axborot oqimi va makon estetikasi kabi omillarning shaxs ongiga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishi muhim nuqtalardan biri sifatida yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada gepatit C virusi (HCV) infeksiyasining global sog‘liq uchun ahamiyati, genotiplari, yuqish yo‘llari va davolash usullarining zamonaviy yondashuvlari yoritilgan. Maqolada HCV infeksiyasining epidemiologiyasi, virion va genom tuzilishi, hamda virusning jigar faoliyatiga salbiy ta’siri keng tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ta’sir qiluvchi antiviral vositalar (DAA) terapiyasining samaradorligi, ularning turli genotiplarga ta’siri va interferon asosidagi terapiyaga nisbatan ustunliklari muhokama qilingan. HCVni butunlay yo‘q qilish uchun JSST tomonidan belgilangan maqsadlarga erishish yo‘lida skrining, tashxis, profilaktika va doimiy monitoring zarurligi asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, DAA terapiyasi bilan bog‘liq rezistentlik, gepatotsellyulyar karsinoma (HCC) xavfi va noinvaziv biomarkerlar orqali monitoring masalalariga ham alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.

The article is analyzed students’ personages as an object of real life descriptions. Real life is a phrase used originally in literature to distinguish between the real world and fictional or idealized worlds, and in acting to distinguish between performers and the characters they portray. More recently, it has become a popular term on the Internet to describe events, people, activities, and interactions occurring offline; or otherwise not primarily through the medium of the Internet. It is also used as a metaphor to distinguish life in a vocational setting as opposed to an academic one, or adulthood and the adult world as opposed to childhood or adolescence.The article depicts the student's character in English literature. The role, genesis, national nature, poetic-typological features and the portrait of students in the works of English literary writers, their character’s features, similarities and differences. The article presents samples from English literature, analyzes and studies comparatively and typologically. The comparative study of the works of world figures analyzed in the article will have a positive impact on the development of our international literature and will promote the reading literary books and reading culture.

Ushbu maqolada inson tafakkuri va dunyoqarashining shakllanishi va rivojlanishida psixologiya fanining o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tafakkurning psixologik asoslari, dunyoqarashga ta’sir qiluvchi omillar, zamonaviy psixologik metodlar va ularning shaxs rivojiga ta’siri haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Shuningdek, psixologiyaning turli sohalarining bu boradagi ilmiy va amaliy hissasi ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.