Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard surgical treatment for age-related cataract, aiming to restore visual function and improve quality of life. This prospective study evaluated 80 patients who underwent cataract surgery with either monofocal (n=40) or multifocal (n=40) IOL implantation. Postoperative assessment at 1 and 3 months included uncorrected visual acuity at far, intermediate, and near distances, contrast sensitivity, visual phenomena, and patient satisfaction. Both groups achieved significant improvement in distance vision. Multifocal IOLs provided superior near and intermediate visual acuity and reduced dependence on spectacles, while monofocal IOLs showed higher contrast sensitivity and fewer visual disturbances. These findings highlight the importance of individualized IOL selection based on patient lifestyle, visual requirements, and tolerance for optical side effects to optimize functional outcomes and satisfaction after cataract surgery.

This study investigates the biogeochemical composition of the atmosphere in the southern regions of Uzbekistan (Surkhondarya and Kashkadarya regions). The research identifies the natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollutants, characterises the physicochemical composition of dust–aerosol particles (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), and demonstrates their significance within an integrated environmental monitoring system. Seasonal sampling campaigns were conducted at five monitoring sites from 2023 to 2024. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were employed to quantify heavy metal concentrations, while ion chromatography determined major anion and cation profiles. Biogeochemical indices (Igeo, PI, ERI) were computed for each site, and spatial distribution was mapped using GIS. Results indicate that PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ concentrations exceed WHO guideline values by 3–7-fold during summer, with heavy metals Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Cu showing marked seasonal peaks. Source apportionment attributes 52% of PM₁₀ to soil erosion and dust storms, 21% to industrial emissions, and 14% to transport. Ecological risk assessment classified two sites in Surkhondarya Valley as 'moderately hazardous' and one as 'highly hazardous'. Integration of biogeochemical analysis into routine monitoring is scientifically substantiated and recommended.

Mazkur maqolada muammoli ta’lim texnologiyasining o‘quvchilarda mustaqil fikrlash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot jarayonida eksperimental va nazorat guruhlari bilan ishlanib, muammoli ta’lim metodlarining samaradorligi aniqlangan. Natijalar muammoli vaziyatlarga asoslangan ta’lim modeli o‘quvchilarning tahliliy, tanqidiy va ijodiy fikrlash darajasini sezilarli oshirishini ko‘rsatdi.

Ушбу мақолада П. Қодировнинг “Юлдузли тунлар” романидаги тарихий ва тўқима образларнинг романдаги аҳамияти, унинг тарихий асоси масалалари ёритилган.

Ushbu maqolada yuklarning harakatini real vaqt rejimida kuzatish imkonini beruvchi axborot tizimlarining texnologik asoslari va arxitekturasi tadqiq etilgan. Global ta'minot zanjirlarining murakkablashuvi va logistika jarayonlarini optimallashtirish zarurati zamonaviy kuzatuv tizimlarini joriy etishni taqozo etmoqda. Tadqiqot doirasida GPS, GNSS, GSM, IoT va RFID kabi ilg‘or texnologiyalarning ishlash prinsiplari, integratsiya mexanizmlari hamda o‘zaro hamkorligi ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, real vaqt rejimida kuzatishning afzalliklari va mavjud cheklovlari solishtirma tahlil asosida o‘rganilgan.