Oligohydramnios is a significant obstetric complication associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study examines the significance of placental morphofunctional changes in the development of oligohydramnios. Particular attention is given to structural alterations of the placenta, including villous fibrosis, vascular sclerosis, trophoblastic degeneration, placental infarctions, and impaired microcirculation. These pathological changes contribute to placental insufficiency, resulting in inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus. The study also analyzes the relationship between placental dysfunction and reduced amniotic fluid volume, fetal growth restriction, chronic intrauterine hypoxia, and other perinatal complications. Modern diagnostic approaches, including ultrasonography, Doppler velocimetry, and histopathological examination, are discussed as important tools for the early detection of placental abnormalities. Understanding the morphofunctional changes of the placenta in oligohydramnios is essential for improving prenatal diagnosis, preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes, and optimizing maternal and fetal health.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. These pathological changes contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This article evaluates the effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy on left ventricular remodeling parameters and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of cardioprotection, echocardiographic indicators of cardiac structure and function, and the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors contribute to reverse cardiac remodeling, reduce left ventricular mass, improve ventricular geometry, and enhance diastolic performance. In addition, these agents significantly decrease the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and improve overall cardiovascular prognosis. The findings indicate that SGLT2 inhibitor therapy provides substantial benefits beyond glycemic control and represents an important therapeutic strategy for improving cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This article examines the rehabilitation and neurological aspects of postoperative management in patients with placenta previa after organ-preserving surgical interventions. Particular attention is paid to postoperative recovery, neurological complications, cognitive and psychological disorders, and the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. The study analyzes the impact of severe obstetric hemorrhage, surgical stress, and anesthesia on the neurological status of patients and evaluates modern approaches aimed at improving physical, emotional, and reproductive recovery. The findings demonstrate that comprehensive rehabilitation, early neurological assessment, and individualized postoperative care significantly improve treatment outcomes, reduce complications, preserve reproductive health, and enhance the quality of life of women after organ-preserving surgery. The article emphasizes the importance of integrated rehabilitation strategies in modern obstetric and gynecological practice.

This article discusses low birth weight infants and the causes, morphological characteristics, and functional features of premature birth. Prematurity and low birth weight remain major challenges in neonatal healthcare and are among the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The study analyzes the maternal, fetal, and environmental factors associated with premature birth and examines the physical and physiological characteristics of low birth weight newborns. Particular attention is given to the immaturity of organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, and immune systems. The article also highlights the complications associated with prematurity and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, specialized neonatal care, and preventive measures. The findings demonstrate that comprehensive management and modern neonatal interventions significantly improve survival rates and long-term developmental outcomes in premature infants.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a serious immunohematological disorder caused by incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood groups. The disease develops when maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells, leading to hemolysis, anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. This article examines the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment approaches, and preventive measures of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Particular attention is given to Rh and ABO incompatibility, which are the most common causes of the disease. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis, prenatal monitoring, phototherapy, exchange transfusion, and immunoprophylaxis in preventing severe complications. The findings indicate that timely medical intervention and appropriate preventive strategies significantly improve neonatal survival and reduce the risk of long-term neurological damage. Therefore, comprehensive maternal and neonatal healthcare remains essential for the effective management of hemolytic disease of the newborn.