Mazkur maqola o‘zbek adabiyotida o‘z o‘rniga ega Odil Yoqubovning “Ulug‘bek xazinasi” asarida tarixiy haqiqatlar, badiiy talqinning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlilga olinadi. Romanda shoh va shoir Mirzo Ulug‘bekning fojiali taqdiri hamda o‘sha davrda ilm-fan qay darajada ekanligi yoritib berilgan.

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds play an essential role in modern organic chemistry due to their wide range of chemical reactivity and biological significance. Among such compounds, N,N'-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde cyanohydrin (DMABDS) represents an interesting molecule containing both a cyanohydrin functional group and an electron-donating dimethylamino substituent. These structural features strongly influence the chemical behavior of the compound and make it a promising intermediate in organic synthesis. Reactions between DMABDS and various amines attract considerable attention because they lead to the formation of new carbon–nitrogen bonds and generate a variety of nitrogen-containing derivatives. The present work discusses the interaction of DMABDS with primary, secondary, and aromatic amines, focusing on the mechanistic aspects of these transformations and the properties of the resulting products. The study also highlights possible applications of these reactions in the synthesis of functional organic compounds with potential relevance to pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science.

Hujayra sitoskeleti eukariot hujayralarning ichki tayanch tizimi bo‘lib, u hujayra shaklini saqlash, mexanik barqarorlikni ta’minlash, organoidlarning joylashuvini boshqarish, hujayra ichki transportini amalga oshirish va hujayra bo‘linishida ishtirok etish kabi ko‘plab muhim biologik vazifalarni bajaradi. Sitoskelet hujayra sitoplazmasida joylashgan murakkab oqsil tolalar tarmog‘idan iborat bo‘lib, asosan mikrofilamentlar, oraliq filamentlar va mikronaychalardan tashkil topadi. Ushbu strukturalarning har biri o‘ziga xos molekulyar tuzilishga, dinamik xossalarga va fiziologik funksiyalarga ega. Mikrofilamentlar ko‘proq aktin oqsilidan tuzilgan bo‘lib, hujayra harakati, qisqarish va membrana shakllanish jarayonlarida faol qatnashadi. Oraliq filamentlar mexanik mustahkamlikni ta’minlaydi hamda to‘qimalarning strukturaviy yaxlitligini saqlaydi. Mikronaychalar esa tubulin oqsilidan tashkil topib, hujayra ichida moddalarning tashilishi, mitoz hushtagi hosil bo‘lishi va kiprikchalar hamda xivchinlar harakatida ishtirok etadi. Sitoskelet tizimi faqat tayanch apparati emas, balki hujayra signalizatsiyasi, differensiallanish, migratsiya, immun javob, regeneratsiya va embrional rivojlanish jarayonlarida ham muhim o‘rin tutadi. Zamonaviy sitologiya va molekulyar biologiyada sitoskelet elementlarining patologik o‘zgarishlari saraton, neyrodegenerativ kasalliklar, mushak distrofiyalari va irsiy sindromlar bilan bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Mazkur maqolada sitoskeletning strukturaviy komponentlari, ularning ultrastrukturasi, molekulyar tashkil topishi va hujayra hayotidagi funksional ahamiyati keng yoritiladi.

Mazkur maqolada Said Ahmadning “Kelinlar qo‘zg‘oloni” va “Farmonbibi arazladi” komediyalarida frazeologizmlarning lingvopoetik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Asarlarda qo‘llangan frazeologik birliklarning semantik, stilistik hamda funksional jihatlari aniq misollar asosida o‘rganildi. Tadqiqot natijasida frazeologizmlar qahramon xarakterini ochish, dialoglarni jonlantirish va komik effekt yaratishda muhim vosita ekanligi aniqlandi.

This article scientifically analyzes the pedagogical conditions for increasing the effectiveness of preventive work with juvenile offenders. It also highlights the mechanisms of educational influence, individual approach, cooperation among prevention subjects, and the introduction of modern pedagogical technologies.