PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE ORGANISM UNDER STRESS

This paper explores the physiological and pathophysiological responses of the human body to stress. Stress, defined as any challenge that disrupts homeostasis, triggers complex mechanisms involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Acute stress activates adaptive responses, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system, which prepare the body to handle immediate threats. However, chronic stress leads to sustained hormonal imbalances, immune suppression, and increased inflammation, contributing to various diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and mental health issues. The dual nature of stress highlights the importance of effective management strategies to maintain health and prevent disease progression. This paper also discusses current understanding of stress-immune system interactions and suggests holistic approaches for stress reduction and health improvement.


20.05.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
ECONOMIC VIEWS OF ABDURAUF FITRAT: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH CONTEMPORARIES AND MODERN INTERPRETATION

This theoretical research explores the economic views of Abdurauf Fitrat, a prominent Central Asian thinker, by comparing them with his contemporaries and interpreting them through a modern lens. Fitrat's ideas reflect a synthesis of Islamic economic principles and modernist thought. By conducting a comparative analysis with regional and global economic thinkers of his time, this paper aims to highlight the unique aspects of his vision. The study uses a descriptive-analytical method and draws on primary texts, archival material, and secondary scholarly interpretations.


20.05.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
ОСНОВНЫЕ ТРУДНОСТИ И СТРАТЕГИИ ПЕРЕВОДА РЕАЛИЙ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА

В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.


20.05.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
PSIXOLOGIYALIQ MASLAHAT PSIXOLOGIYANIŃ AYRIQSHA MASHQALASI SIPATINDA

Usı maqalada psixologiyalıq keńes túsinigi, onıń mazmunı, ámeliy áhmiyeti hám de psixologiya pánindegi ózine tán mashqala sıpatında úyreniliwi jaritılǵan. Sonday-aq, másláhátlesiw procesiniń basqıshları, psixologiyalıq qatnaslar hám qarıydar menen islesiwde júzege keletuǵın qıyınshılıqlar da tallanǵan.


20.05.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
MAKTAB O‘QUVCHILARINING ESTETIK DUNYOQARASHINI SHAKLLANTIRISHDA MUSIQA DARSLARINI O‘QITISH USLUBLARINING AHAMIYATI

Ushbu maqolada umumta’lim maktablarida musiqa darslarini samarali tashkil etish, turli pedagogik uslublarni qo‘llash orqali o‘quvchilarning estetik dunyoqarashi va musiqiy didini rivojlantirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy ta’lim metodlarining ahamiyati va ularning amaliy qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilingan.


20.05.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
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