Digital transformation in education has fundamentally reshaped approaches to training future teachers and has intensified the demand for creative, adaptive, and innovative pedagogical competencies. This article examines a comprehensive set of psychological factors influencing the development of creativity components among pre-service teachers in the context of digital learning environments. Drawing on contemporary theoretical models (Guilford, Runco, Sternberg, Csikszentmihalyi) and recent empirical evidence (2020–2024), the study identifies cognitive, motivational, emotional, and socio-psychological determinants that shape students’ creative performance. A mixed-method empirical investigation involving 214 pre-service teachers was conducted to examine correlations between digital activity, digital self-efficacy, emotional resilience, and creativity scores. Quantitative findings reveal statistically significant relationships between the intensity of digital engagement and levels of divergent thinking, creative curiosity, collaborative creativity, and emotional expressiveness. The study contributes to advancing pedagogical psychology by offering a multidimensional model of creativity formation tailored to digital education settings. Recommendations are formulated for optimizing teacher education programs to enhance students’ creative potential through psychological support, digital competency training, and interactive learning design.

Mazkur maqolada musiqiy kompetensiyani rivojlantirish masalasi zamonaviy ta’lim tizimi talablari nuqtai nazaridan ilmiy jihatdan asoslanadi. Musiqiy kompetensiya shaxsning musiqiy bilimlari, ijroiy ko‘nikmalari, ijodiy tafakkuri, estetik didi hamda motivatsion-qiymat munosabatlarini o‘z ichiga olgan integrativ pedagogik sifat sifatida talqin etiladi. Tadqiqotda kompetensiyaviy, shaxsga yo‘naltirilgan va faoliyatga asoslangan yondashuvlarning musiqiy ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.

This article examines the foreign trade models and trade diplomacy strategies of China and Germany-two of the world’s most influential economic powers-within the context of rising global competition. By analysing long-term trade trends, export-import structures, and state-driven economic policies, the study highlights how both countries have shaped international markets through distinct yet strategically coherent approaches. Germany’s export-oriented economic model, built on technological innovation, industrial efficiency, and a strong manufacturing base, has positioned it as Europe’s leading trading nation. China, on the other hand, has transformed from a manufacturing hub into a global economic powerhouse through large-scale industrial capacity, diversified trade partnerships, and proactive initiatives such as the belt and road initiative. The comparison demonstrates how Germany relies heavily on high-value machinery, automobiles, and chemical products, while China leverages large-volume production, expanding logistics networks, and assertive state-backed trade diplomacy. The article also explores how geopolitical tensions, supply-chain disruptions, and shifting global economic priorities are reshaping bilateral and multilateral trade patterns. By analysing recent trade data and policy developments, the study provides insights into how China and Germany are navigating new strategic realities-balancing cooperation, competition, and economic interdependence.

Tajribada moshning “Durdona” navining tuganaklar hosil qilishiga tuganak bakteriyalarning Br.sp-1, Br.sp-2 shtammalari va “Bioquvvat” biopreparatining ta`siri o`rganildi. Tajriba davomida tugunaklarning hosil boʻlishi har bir variatda shtamm va biopreparat turi hamda oʻsimlik naviga bogʻliq holda turlicha boldi. “Durdona” navi uchun eng yuqori koʻrsatkich tajribaning 2- variantida mosh urugʻlarini “Bioquvvat” biopreparati bilan inokulyatsiya qilib ekilganda kuzatildi. Bunda har bir oʻsimlikda oʻrtacha 64.2 ta tugunak hosil bo`ldi. Eng past korsatkich esa nazorat variantida kuzatildi – 35.3 ta tugunak hosil boʻldi.

Suv nafaqat iqtisodiy farovonlik balki, xalqaro xavfsizlik va geosiyosiy barqarorlik masalalarida ham muhim rol o‘ynay boshladi. Shu kungacha suv uchun to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri urushlar qayd etilmagan bo‘lsa-da, davlatlar o‘rtasidagi suv bilan bog‘liq muammolar kelgusida mintaqaviy va xalqaro vaziyatni yanada murakkablashtirishi mumkinligi kuzatilmoqda. Afg‘oniston misolida oladigan bo‘lsak, mamlakat hududida shakllanadigan suv resurslarining taxminan 30 foizigina o‘z ehtiyojlari uchun ishlatilsa, qolgan 70 foizi qo’shni mamalakatlarga oqib o’tadi. Mazkur maqolada Afg‘onistondagi suvdan foydalanish bilan bog‘liq barcha muammoli jihatlar, shuningdek Pokiston va Eron bilan suv resurslarini taqsimlash borasida yuzaga kelayotgan nizolar atroflicha tahlil qilinadi.