Mazkur maqolada gimnastikachilarda musobaqa oldi psixologik tayyorgarlikni shakllantirishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari yoritiladi. Sport gimnastikasida musobaqa natijasi sportchining jismoniy va texnik tayyorgarligi bilan bir qatorda uning emotsional barqarorligi, o‘ziga ishonchi, diqqatni jamlay olishi hamda musobaqa oldi hayajonini boshqarish qobiliyatiga ham bevosita bog‘liqdir. Murakkab gimnastik elementlarni musobaqa sharoitida bajarishda qo‘rquv, ortiqcha hayajon, ishonchsizlik va ruhiy zo‘riqish texnik xatolarning yuzaga kelishiga hamda natijaning pasayishiga sabab bo‘lishi mumkin. Maqolaning maqsadi gimnastikachilarda musobaqa oldi psixologik tayyorgarlikni shakllantirishning samarali vosita va usullarini tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqotda nafasni boshqarish mashqlari, vizualizatsiya, ijobiy ichki nutq, diqqatni jamlash, musobaqa vaziyatlarini modellashtirish va murabbiy tomonidan psixologik qo‘llab-quvvatlashning ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ushbu vositalarni mashg‘ulot jarayonida muntazam qo‘llash sportchilarning emotsional holatini barqarorlashtirishga, musobaqa oldi hayajonini nazorat qilishga va o‘z imkoniyatlariga bo‘lgan ishonchini oshirishga yordam beradi. Tadqiqot natijasida musobaqa oldi psixologik tayyorgarlikni texnik va jismoniy tayyorgarlik bilan uzviy bog‘liq holda tashkil etish gimnastikachilarning musobaqa faoliyatidagi barqarorligini oshirishga, murakkab elementlarni ishonch bilan bajarishga hamda yuqori sport natijalariga erishishga xizmat qilishi asoslanadi.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotida balog‘at san’atlarining ifodalanishi va uslubiy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda badiiy san’atlarning mumtoz matndagi vazifasi, ularning ma’no hosil qilishdagi o‘rni hamda uslubiy-estetik ta’siri yoritiladi. Asosiy e’tibor tashbeh, isti’ora, kinoya, tazod, talmeh va lafziy san’atlarning o‘zbek mumtoz poetikasidagi funksional tabiatiga qaratiladi. Taroziy, Husayniy, Navoiy va Boburga oid nazariy hamda badiiy manbalar asosida balog‘at san’atlarining obraz yaratish, ruhiy holatni ifodalash, ramziy qatlamni kuchaytirish va matnning musiqiyligini ta’minlashdagi roli ochib beriladi. Natijada o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyotida balog‘at san’atlari tashqi bezak emas, balki poetik tafakkurning ichki qonuniyatini yuzaga chiqaruvchi faol badiiy mexanizm ekani asoslanadi.

This article studies the targeted synthesis of nitro derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, the process of obtaining 9-nitroanthracene, which is an important intermediate in organic electronics and medicinal chemistry. Analysis of classical literature data shows that the formation of by-products such as polynitro derivatives and anthracene-9,10-dione (anthraquinone) in direct nitration reactions of the anthracene nucleus, as well as the low yield of the target product, are fundamental problems. In order to eliminate the shortcomings noted in this study and increase the efficiency of the process, an optimal preparative method for the synthesis of 9-nitroanthracene derivatives with high regioselectivity was developed and its kinetic laws were studied. The molecular and electronic structure of the synthesized subject was analyzed in depth using a set of modern physicochemical methods. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed asymmetric (1520 ) and symmetric (1340 ) stretching vibrations of the nitro group and absorption bands of the bond, while ultraviolet (UV) spectra revealed bathochromic shifts due to π→π* and n→π* electronic transitions of the anthracene nucleus and the nature of the conjugated system. The results obtained are of significant practical importance in the field of molecular optoelectronics, sensors, and the synthesis of luminophores, and provide a basis for obtaining biologically active amino derivatives.

Ushbu maqolada Mirzacho‘l vohasida shakllangan an’anaviy etnointegratsion jarayonlar, turli etnik guruhlarning o‘zaro munosabatlari, madaniy aloqalari va integratsiya omillari tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, migratsiya, xo‘jalik faoliyati, oilaviy munosabatlar va mahalla institutining etnomadaniy uyg‘unlashuvdagi o‘rni yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada yosh sportchilarning mashg‘ulot jarayonida psixologik chidamkorligini rivojlantirishning nazariy va amaliy asoslari tahlil qilingan. Psixologik chidamkorlikning sport natijalariga ta’siri, uning shakllanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar hamda mashg‘ulotlar davomida qo‘llaniladigan zamonaviy psixologik usullar yoritilgan. Tadqiqot davomida yosh sportchilarning psixologik holatini baholash natijalari tahlil qilinib, psixologik tayyorgarlikni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Olingan natijalar sportchilarni musobaqalarga tayyorlash jarayonida psixologik omillarning muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini ko‘rsatdi.