This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for designing test tasks based on the STEAM approach in primary school mathematics lessons. Within an integrative approach, a model for developing test items, a mechanism for classifying them according to Bloom’s taxonomy levels, and the results of experimental research are scientifically presented. The findings of the study indicate that STEAM-based test tasks contribute to the development of students’ logical, critical, and creative thinking competencies.

Статья посвящена проблеме формирования экологической культуры школьников и стимулированию их интереса к занятиям массовым спортом. Рассматриваются педагогические подходы, методы интеграции экологического воспитания и физической культуры, а также роль школы, семьи и общественных организаций в реализации данной задачи.

Juvenile criminal responsibility constitutes one of the fundamental and challenging issues in criminal law and the juvenile criminal justice system. This research is conducted with the aim of clarifying the scope and limits of children’s criminal responsibility within the legal system of Afghanistan. The principal research question addresses the legal bases and criteria upon which such responsibility is determined, particularly across different age stages.

Ochildimurod Miriy o’zbek klassik adabiyotida zullisonaynlik, ya’ni ikki tillilik an’anasini lirikada ham epik poeziyada ham muvaffaqiyat bilan davom ettirgan qalamkashlardan hisoblanadi.

Dunyo bo‘ylab shaharlar jiddiy muammo — havo ifloslanishi bilan yuzma-yuz kelmoqda. Ushbu maqolada yirik shaharlarda havo ifloslanishining asosiy sabablari, uning ekologik va ijtimoiy oqibatlari hamda muammoni kamaytirish yo‘llari keng qamrovda tahlil qilinadi.