Ушбу мақолада солиққа оид ҳуқуқбузарликларнинг субъекти сифатида юридик шахс айбининг ўзига хос хусусиятлари, унинг айбини аниқлаш алгоритими, яъни эътибор берилиши лозим бўлган жиҳатлар, қонунчилик таҳлили, олимларнинг бу борадаги қарашлари билан боғлиқ масалалар кўриб чиқилган.
This scientific article discusses the biological significance of enzymes, their functions in living organisms, and their role in metabolic processes. Enzymes are of great importance as biological catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions occurring in the organism. The article provides detailed information about the structure, properties, classification, mechanism of action, and application of enzymes in medicine, the food industry, and biotechnology. In addition, scientific analyses are presented regarding the role of enzymes in maintaining human health and diseases associated with enzyme deficiency.
Listening comprehension occupies a central position in foreign language learning and serves as a foundation for the development of communicative competence. In English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, listening is often considered one of the most challenging skills because learners must process spoken language in real time while simultaneously interpreting meaning, context, and speaker intention. Effective listening comprehension involves a complex interaction of cognitive, linguistic, and contextual factors. This article explores the nature of listening comprehension in EFL, examines its theoretical foundations, discusses the major factors influencing listening performance, and highlights its significance in language acquisition. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting appropriate instructional strategies to improve learners’ listening abilities and overall language proficiency.
Ushbu maqolada raqamli iqtisodiyotning zamonaviy iqtisodiy tizimdagi o‘rni, uning tarkibiy elementlari hamda kambag‘allikni kamaytirishdagi ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyati keng tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli iqtisodiyot bugungi kunda global iqtisodiy rivojlanishning eng muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lib, u axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalari (AKT), internet tarmoqlari, sun’iy intellekt, katta ma’lumotlar (big data), elektron platformalar va mobil texnologiyalar asosida shakllangan yangi iqtisodiy muhitni ifodalaydi. Ushbu tizim an’anaviy iqtisodiyotdan farqli ravishda tezkorlik, shaffoflik va yuqori samaradorlik bilan ajralib turadi.