Общие принципы этих макамов обсуждаются с точки зрения инструментального раздела Шашмакома и певческого раздела.

“Uyqu sifati va yoshlarning ruhiy holatiga ta'siri” nomli ushbu maqola yosh avlodning salomatligida uyquning muhim rolini tahlil qiladi. Zamonaviy dunyoda yoshlar duch kelayotgan uyqu buzilishlari, ularning psixologik holatiga, akademik ko'rsatkichlariga va ijtimoiy munosabatlariga qanday salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatishi atroflicha o'rganiladi. Maqola yetarli va sifatli uyquning depressiya, xavotir va stressni kamaytirishdagi ahamiyatini yoritib, yoshlarning ruhiy farovonligini oshirish bo'yicha.

Bu maqolda talabalarning estetik madaniyatini rivojlantirish sifatlari va badiiy madaniyati va talabalarning badiiy-estetik savodxonligini oshirish jarayonida pedagogik muommolar haqida sóz etilgan.

Ushbu maqolada Atoiy devonida kelgan etnonimlar tahlil etiladi. Devonda uchraydigan etnik nomlar turli xalqlar, qabilalar bilan bog`liq bo`lib, ularning leksik-semantik va badiiy-estetik vazifalari yoritilgan. Shoir ijodida etnonimlarning qo`llanish uslubiyati hamda o`ziga xosliklari ochib beriladi. Etnik birliklarning qo`llashdagi Atoiyning badiiy mahorati yoritiladi.

This article explores the critical role of cytokines in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders. Cytokines, as key regulators of the immune system, maintain the balance between immune activation and tolerance. The disruption of this balance, particularly the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and insufficient anti-inflammatory responses, contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue damage characteristic of autoimmune diseases. The review discusses major cytokine families involved, signaling pathways, and their interactions that lead to immune dysregulation. Additionally, it highlights current therapeutic strategies targeting cytokines and the challenges faced in treatment due to cytokine redundancy and patient variability. Understanding cytokine involvement provides valuable insights into autoimmune pathogenesis and offers potential for more precise and effective therapies.