This paper explores the pathophysiological basis of metabolic disturbances in diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action. It examines the complex mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and altered metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The study highlights how these metabolic imbalances contribute to the development of diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these fundamental processes is essential for advancing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. The paper also discusses current therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring metabolic balance and preventing long-term damage.

This scientific paper explores the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms underlying heart failure. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of how structural and functional changes in the heart contribute to impaired cardiac output and systemic complications. The paper examines key processes such as hemodynamic alterations, neurohormonal activation, ventricular remodeling, inflammation, and cellular energy deficiency. Particular emphasis is placed on the progression of heart failure from compensatory adaptations to maladaptive responses, leading to chronic dysfunction. Furthermore, the discussion highlights the systemic nature of the disease, affecting organs beyond the cardiovascular system, including the kidneys, liver, and brain. By focusing on both molecular and clinical aspects, the paper aims to enhance the understanding of heart failure as a multi-faceted syndrome. This deeper understanding supports the development of more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies. The content is intended for students, researchers, and medical professionals interested in the mechanisms and management of heart failure.

Mazkur maqolada 14-15 yoshli gandbolchi qizlarning musobaqa faoliyatini tahlil qilishga qaratilgan tadqiqotlar yoritilgan. Yosh sportchilarning texnik, taktik va jismoniy tayyorgarligi, musobaqa davomida ko‘rsatayotgan individual va jamoaviy natijalari tahlil qilinadi. Jismoniy tayyorgarlik, texnik mahorat va psixologik barqarorlikning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi va ularning sportchilarning muvaffaqiyatiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, raqobatbardosh faoliyatda sportchilarning harakatlari samaradorligini baholash usullari va ularni takomillashtirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada bo‘sh vaqt kontekstida stress bilan kurashishga e’tibor qaratgan holda universitet talabalarining psixologik barqarorligiga jismoniy mashqlar ta’siri to‘g‘risida chuqur ma’lumotni o‘rganishga qaratilgan. Jismoniy mashqlar inson organizmining stressga fiziologik javobini optimallashtiradi, organizmni moslashuvchan va stressga chidamli holga keltiradi. Shu bois, sog‘lom turmush tarzining ajralmas qismi sifatida muntazam jismoniy faollik stressni yengishda muhim omil hisoblanadi.

This article focuses on the development of physical qualities in adolescent taekwondo athletes. It explores the importance of developing physical attributes in young athletes, particularly in a sport like taekwondo, where high levels of physical activity are required. The article highlights essential physical qualities, including strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, and coordination, which contribute to effective performance in taekwondo. It emphasizes that physical development should be based on age-appropriate, individualized training programs. The article also examines the methodological principles for structuring training sessions, such as gradual progression, periodicity, and recovery, while considering the athlete's psychological and physiological state. Furthermore, the article provides insight into the training methods that best foster the development of physical qualities to achieve optimal results in taekwondo.