Mazkur maqolada davlat sektorida ichki nazorat va ichki audit tizimining iqtisodiy mohiyatamarali boshqarishdagi o‘rni hamda O‘zbekistonda ushbu yo‘nalishda amalga oshirilayotgan institutsional islohotlar o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotda ichki nazorat va ichki auditning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi, davlat budjeti mablag‘laridan maqsadli va samarali foydalanishni ta’minlash, budjet intizomini mustahkamlash, moliyaviy xatolar va qonunbuzilishlarning oldini olishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasida ichki audit xizmatlarini tashkil etish, ichki auditorlarni sertifikatlash, xavfga asoslangan auditni joriy etish, masofaviy nazoratni kengaytirish va audit jarayonlarini raqamlashtirish bo‘yicha erishilgan natijalar baholangan. Tadqiqot natijasida davlat sektorida ichki nazoratning yagona metodologik modelini yaratish, ichki auditning funksional mustaqilligini kuchaytirish, risklarni boshqarish tizimini takomillashtirish, raqamli audit va ma’lumotlar tahlilini keng joriy etish hamda audit tavsiyalarining bajarilishini avtomatik monitoring qilish bo‘yicha ilmiy-amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

Ushbu maqolada o‘qituvchi tomonidan o‘quvchilarga ko‘rsatiladigan ijtimoiy, emotsional va akademik qo‘llab-quvvatlashning o‘quvchilarning psixologik farovonligi bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi pedagogik-psixologik nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada o‘qituvchi qo‘llab-quvvatlashining mazmuni, uning asosiy shakllari hamda psixologik farovonlikning tarkibiy komponentlari yoritiladi. O‘zbek va xorijiy ilmiy manbalar tahlili asosida o‘qituvchining empatik munosabati, o‘quvchi fikrini hurmat qilishi, konstruktiv fikr-mulohaza berishi, akademik qiyinchiliklarda yordam ko‘rsatishi va psixologik xavfsiz ta’lim muhitini yaratishi o‘quvchilarning farovonligi bilan bog‘liq muhim omillar ekanligi asoslanadi.

The article discusses the artistic-publicistic synthesis of historical events, mythological legends, and ethnographic materials in M. Nizanov's novel-essay "The Karakalpaks". The portrayal of the origin (ethnogenesis) of the Karakalpak people, the history of their statehood, their religious-spiritual worldview, and their diplomatic relations with the Russian Empire are evaluated from a scientific-critical perspective. It explores the author's masterful utilization of historical sources (archive documents, genealogical records) and examples of oral literature (legends, epics) within the framework of the "novel-essay" genre, as well as the work's role in restoring the national mentality and historical memory of the Karakalpak people.

This article examines the mechanisms by which alkaloids influence the cardiovascular system and evaluates their major pharmacological effects. Alkaloids are naturally occurring nitrogen-containing compounds with diverse biological activities and significant pharmacological potential. The study focuses on their effects on cardiac rhythm, myocardial contractility, cardiac conduction, vascular tone, and arterial blood pressure. Particular attention is given to the interaction of alkaloids with ion channels, adrenergic and cholinergic receptors, the autonomic nervous system, and intracellular signaling pathways. The analysis indicates that different alkaloids may produce vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive effects and may modify heart rate and myocardial contractility depending on their chemical structure, concentration, and mechanism of action. The potential therapeutic significance of alkaloids in cardiovascular pharmacology is also considered, together with their possible toxic effects and dose-dependent adverse reactions. The findings suggest that alkaloids represent an important source of biologically active compounds with potential applications in cardiovascular drug development. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to establish their therapeutic efficacy, optimal dosage, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and long-term safety.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. In addition to reproductive and metabolic abnormalities, PCOS may be accompanied by persistent low-grade systemic inflammation and alterations in immune and metabolic regulation. These changes may influence periodontal tissues and modify the clinical course of periodontal disease.