The birth of a child and the subsequent early stages of life represent a profound socio-cultural phenomenon in the traditional lifestyle of the Uzbek people. This article provides a comprehensive ethnological analysis of the customs, rituals, and beliefs associated with expecting a child, childbirth, and the initial milestones of a child’s life within Uzbek families, with a particular focus on the local characteristics of the southern regions, such as the Surkhan oasis. By examining ancient practices—including dietary taboos during pregnancy, the protective period of The birth of a child and the subsequent early stages of life represent a profound socio-cultural phenomenon in the traditional lifestyle of the Uzbek people. This article provides a comprehensive ethnological analysis of the customs, rituals, and beliefs associated with expecting a child, childbirth, and the initial milestones of a child’s life within Uzbek families, with a particular focus on the local characteristics of the southern regions, such as the Surkhan oasis. By examining ancient practices—including dietary taboos during pregnancy, the protective period of chilla (forty-day protective period after birth), the ritual of tanglay koʻarish (lifting the palate), the celebration of the ilk qadam (first step), and the muchal (twelve-year animal calendar cycle marking a coming-of-age milestone) transition—this study reveals the deep spiritual, educational, and social mechanisms embedded in these traditions. Furthermore, the research explores how these ancient customs have transformed during the years of independence (1991–2024) under the influence of modern medicine, globalization, and shifting socio-economic paradigms. The findings demonstrate that while certain superstitious elements have faded, the core values of social integration, kinship solidarity, and the moral upbringing of the younger generation remain highly relevant in contemporary Uzbek society.

Bul maqalada til biliminde kórkem tekst quramın baylanıstırıwshı birlikler esaplanǵan parcellyaciyalıq konstrukciyalardıń qollanılıwı sóz etiledi. Parcellyaciyalardıń qollanılıw ózgesheligi tekst quramında mısallar menen kórsetilgen. Olardıń mánisi, ózgeshelikleri ilimiy tiykarda ashıp berilgen.

Uzbekistan faces the dual challenge of meeting Paris Agreement commitments while sustaining production from aging oil fields. CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂ EOR)—particularly Water Alternating Gas (WAG), cyclic Huff and Puff, and hybrid chemical assisted flooding—offers a pathway to increase oil recovery and permanently store CO₂. This review systematically evaluates these methods for Uzbekistan’s Amu Darya and Fergana basins. WAG is well suited to conventional waterflooded reservoirs; Huff and Puff fits tighter formations; hybrid methods require local validation. Major barriers remain—no CO₂ transport network, no legal pore space framework, and lacking rock fluid data. The paper provides a practical roadmap for pilots, policy, and research, helping Uzbekistan turn CO₂ EOR into a realistic decarbonization tool.

Ushbu maqolada qoraqalpoq xalqining an’anaviy liboslari XIX–XX asrlar davomida tarixiy, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy va madaniy omillar ta’sirida qanday o‘zgarib borgani yoritiladi. Xomashyo turlari, mato ishlab chiqarish, teriga ishlov berish, kashtachilik san’ati hamda rang va naqshlarning ramziy ma’nolari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, erkaklar va ayollar kiyim majmualarining tarkibi hamda modernizatsiya davrida yuz bergan transformatsiyalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijasida qoraqalpoq liboslari etnik o‘zlikni ifodalovchi muhim madaniy qatlam ekani va zamonaviy davrgacha uzviy rivojlanib kelgani asoslab beriladi.

Maqolada raqamli davrda bolalar va yoshlarning ijtimoiy tarmoqlar hamda ekran texnologiyalaridan foydalanish darajasi, uning psixologik va ijtimoiy ta’siri yoritib berilgan. Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning insonlar o‘rtasidagi muloqotni yengillashtirishdagi ijobiy jihatlari bilan bir qatorda, ekran qaramligi, yolg‘izlik hissining kuchayishi, diqqatning sustlashuvi hamda yoshlar dunyoqarashiga salbiy ta’siri yoritilgan. Bolalarning raqamli muhitda ulg‘ayishi, sun’iy intellekt va qisqa videokontentlarning ta’lim hamda psixologik rivojlanishga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqilgan.