Resistant arterial hypertension is one of the most challenging forms of hypertension and is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. This study examines the theoretical foundations, epidemiological characteristics, and major predictors of resistant arterial hypertension in patients living in the Fergana Valley. Special attention is given to the influence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and lifestyle-related factors on the development of treatment-resistant hypertension. The study also evaluates the role of environmental and climatic conditions in blood pressure regulation. The findings indicate that resistant hypertension is a multifactorial disorder resulting from complex interactions between metabolic, cardiovascular, and environmental factors. Early identification of major predictors and implementation of comprehensive preventive and therapeutic strategies may improve blood pressure control and reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease.

Oligohydramnios is a significant obstetric complication associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study examines the significance of placental morphofunctional changes in the development of oligohydramnios. Particular attention is given to structural alterations of the placenta, including villous fibrosis, vascular sclerosis, trophoblastic degeneration, placental infarctions, and impaired microcirculation. These pathological changes contribute to placental insufficiency, resulting in inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus. The study also analyzes the relationship between placental dysfunction and reduced amniotic fluid volume, fetal growth restriction, chronic intrauterine hypoxia, and other perinatal complications. Modern diagnostic approaches, including ultrasonography, Doppler velocimetry, and histopathological examination, are discussed as important tools for the early detection of placental abnormalities. Understanding the morphofunctional changes of the placenta in oligohydramnios is essential for improving prenatal diagnosis, preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes, and optimizing maternal and fetal health.

Toxic cardiomyopathy is one of the most important cardiovascular complications observed in oncology patients receiving anticancer therapy. The increasing use of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy has significantly improved cancer survival rates; however, it has also increased the incidence of treatment-related cardiotoxicity. This study investigates the prevalence and clinical characteristics of toxic cardiomyopathy in oncology patients. Particular attention is given to major risk factors, including advanced age, cumulative exposure to cardiotoxic agents, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. The clinical manifestations of toxic cardiomyopathy range from asymptomatic myocardial dysfunction to severe heart failure and arrhythmias. Modern diagnostic methods, such as echocardiography, global longitudinal strain analysis, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and biomarker assessment, play a crucial role in the early detection of myocardial injury. Early diagnosis and appropriate cardioprotective interventions may significantly reduce cardiovascular complications and improve long-term outcomes.

Hypertensive crisis is one of the most serious complications of arterial hypertension and remains an important public health problem worldwide. Recent studies suggest that heliogeophysical factors, particularly geomagnetic storms, may influence cardiovascular function and increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. This study evaluates the impact of geomagnetic storms on the incidence of hypertensive crises in the Fergana region. The relationship between geomagnetic activity and hypertensive crisis occurrence was analyzed using clinical, epidemiological, and statistical methods. The findings demonstrated that periods of increased geomagnetic activity were associated with a higher frequency of hypertensive crises, especially among elderly individuals and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases. A positive correlation was identified between geomagnetic disturbances and the incidence of hypertensive crises. The results emphasize the importance of considering environmental and heliogeophysical factors in cardiovascular risk assessment and preventive healthcare strategies. The study may contribute to the development of effective preventive measures and improved management of patients at high cardiovascular risk during periods of increased geomagnetic activity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications, including left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. These pathological changes contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure. This article evaluates the effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy on left ventricular remodeling parameters and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of cardioprotection, echocardiographic indicators of cardiac structure and function, and the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors in preventing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SGLT2 inhibitors contribute to reverse cardiac remodeling, reduce left ventricular mass, improve ventricular geometry, and enhance diastolic performance. In addition, these agents significantly decrease the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and improve overall cardiovascular prognosis. The findings indicate that SGLT2 inhibitor therapy provides substantial benefits beyond glycemic control and represents an important therapeutic strategy for improving cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.