Ushbu maqola ingliz tilidagi so‘rov nutq aktlarining funksional va semantik turlarini pragmatik tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan tahlil etildi. Shuningdek, tadqiqotda Austin va Searle tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan nutq aktlari nazariyasi metodologik asos sifatida qo‘llanildi. So‘rov nutq aktlari bevosita va bilvosita turlarga bo‘linib, har birining sintaktik, semantik va pragmatik xususiyatlari ochib berildi.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for designing test tasks based on the STEAM approach in primary school mathematics lessons. Within an integrative approach, a model for developing test items, a mechanism for classifying them according to Bloom’s taxonomy levels, and the results of experimental research are scientifically presented. The findings of the study indicate that STEAM-based test tasks contribute to the development of students’ logical, critical, and creative thinking competencies.

Ushbu maqolada “Qutlugʻ qon” romanida qahramonlar xarakterini yaratish mahorati va obrazlar portretining badiiy xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Yo‘lchi, Abdishukur, Mirzakarimboy, Yormat, O‘roz, Gulnor va Nuriniso kabi asosiy hamda ikkinchi darajali obrazlarning tashqi ko‘rinishi, nutqi, xatti-harakati va ichki kechinmalari yaxlit badiiy tizim sifatida o‘rganiladi. Yozuvchi qo‘llagan portret detallar va psixologik tasvirlar qahramon xarakterini ochib berishda muhim badiiy vosita sifatida tahlil etiladi. Natijalar Oybekning obraz yaratishda tashqi tasvir va ichki ruhiy holat uyg‘unligini ta’minlab, qahramonlarni jonli va ta’sirchan ifodalaganini ko‘rsatadi.

This article critically reconsiders the conventional distinction between developed and developing countries. It argues that this binary classification is no longer analytically adequate, as it obscures historical responsibility, ignores colonial legacies, and presents hierarchical global relations as natural and neutral

This article examines the issue of improving the training process of attacking actions in judo athletes aged 12–14. The author scientifically substantiates the importance of using tactical complexes in enhancing the technical and tactical preparedness of young athletes. Traditional approaches in judo training are analyzed, and factors that hinder the effective development of attacking actions are identified.