Ushbu maqolada inson resurslarini boshqarish (HRM) tushunchasi, uning tarixiy rivojlanish bosqichlari hamda zamonaviy davrda tutgan o‘rni yoritilgan. Inson resurslari tushunchasining shakllanishi, rivojlanish jarayonlari va HRM nazariyasining asosiy yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy inson resurslarini boshqarishning samarali yondashuvlari, ularning tashkilotlar faoliyatidagi ahamiyati va amaliyotda tatbiq etish usullari muhokama qilingan. Maqolada kadrlar menejmentining asosiy yo‘nalishlari, xodimlarni jalb qilish, rag‘batlantirish va rivojlantirish kabi muhim jihatlar ko‘rib chiqilib, bugungi kunda global raqobat sharoitida inson kapitalining strategik ahamiyati alohida ta’kidlangan.

This scientific paper explores the general pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation, a fundamental biological response to harmful stimuli such as infection, injury, or immune dysregulation. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the key stages of inflammation, including initiation, amplification, and resolution, as well as the complex cellular and molecular components involved. Special emphasis is placed on immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, along with inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide. The work distinguishes between acute and chronic inflammation, explaining their unique features, triggers, and pathological consequences. Disruption in this process is highlighted as a major contributor to long-term inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Clinical implications, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic strategies targeting specific pathways of inflammation are also addressed. This research is intended to serve as a valuable resource for students of medical and biological sciences, healthcare professionals, and researchers interested in immunology and disease mechanisms.

Ushbu maqola Xorazm musiqiy madaniyatining yirik namoyandalaridan biri, iste’dodli bastakor, ustoz-shogird an’anasi davomchisi va tajribali pedagog Bozorboy O‘rinov faoliyatiga bag‘ishlangan. Unda O‘rinovning Xorazm maqom san’atini rivojlantirishdagi xizmatlari, xalq og‘zaki ijodi va professional musiqa uyg‘unligi asosida yaratilgan asarlari yoritiladi.

Temuriylar davri (XIV–XV asrlar) Markaziy Osiyoda madaniyat va san’atning yuksalishiga zamin yaratgan eng muhim tarixiy bosqichlardan biridir. Amir Temur va uning vorislari — xususan, Mirzo Ulug‘bek — ilm-fan, adabiyot, me’morchilik va tasviriy san’atni davlat siyosatining ajralmas qismi sifatida rivojlantirdilar. Bu davrda Samarqand, Hirot, Buxoro kabi shaharlarda madaniy va ilmiy markazlar shakllandi. Alisher Navoiy, Kamoliddin Behzod, Mirzo Ulug‘bek kabi buyuk siymolar ilm-fan, san’at va adabiyotda yuksak cho‘qqilarni zabt etdilar. Temuriylar homiyligida qurilgan me’moriy obidalar, yozma manbalar va miniatyura san’ati Sharq Uyg‘onishining yorqin namunasi sifatida e’tirof etiladi. Bu davr madaniy merosi bugungi kungacha o‘z ahamiyatini yo‘qotmagan bo‘lib, o‘zbek xalqining tarixiy va madaniy o‘zligida muhim o‘rin egallaydi. Maqolada temuriylar davrida san’atning o‘rni va rivojlanishi yoritiladi

В статье рассматриваются ключевые этапы формирования и развития институтов гражданского общества в Республике Узбекистан. Особое внимание уделено законодательному оформлению правовых основ, институциональному укреплению негосударственных некоммерческих организаций, развитию самоуправления и гражданской активности. Анализируются современные тенденции, включая расширение общественного контроля, цифровизацию взаимодействия граждан и государства, а также поддержка социально значимых инициатив. Подчёркивается, что активное участие граждан в управлении и расширение демократических институтов являются важными условиями построения открытого и справедливого общества.