In our study, we examined white laboratory rats born to control and experimental mothers with hypothyroidism. Morphological analysis of the pancreas during various stages of postnatal ontogenesis revealed significant delays in the development and formation of individual components of the vascular wall compared to the control group. From the first days of the experiment, changes in the arterial wall were observed in all experimental animals. The results demonstrate that morphological changes in pancreatic cells and their blood vessels occur in offspring born to mothers with hypothyroidism.

This article explores practical methods for developing effective writing skills in English across various formats including articles, essays, and letters. Through comprehensive literature analysis from diverse academic sources, the research identifies key strategies that contribute to impactful writing. The findings suggest that successful writing requires systematic planning, understanding audience needs, employing appropriate rhetorical strategies, and consistent revision practices. This research aims to provide practical guidance for learners seeking to enhance their written communication abilities in English.

Sharq sivilizatsiyasi beshiklaridan biri bo‘lgan Hindiston qadimdan buyuk madaniyat, falsafa va ruhiy bilimlar makoni bo‘lib kelgan. O‘zbekiston bilan Hindiston o‘rtasidagi tarixiy aloqalar, ayniqsa, Boburiylar davrida nihoyatda kuchli bo‘lgan. Ajdodlarimiz tomonidan barpo etilgan me’moriy obidalar – Agra qal’asi, Humoyun maqbarasi, Dehli masjidi va boshqa ko‘plab inshootlar bugungi kungacha hind xalqining faxri sanaladi.

This article examines evidence-based strategies and exercises for developing oral fluency in English language learners. Through a comprehensive analysis of international, Uzbek, and Russian literature, the research identifies key approaches that effectively enhance speaking skills. Findings suggest that successful oral fluency development combines psychological barriers reduction, systematic pronunciation practice, vocabulary expansion within communicative contexts, and authentic conversation opportunities. The research provides practical guidance for educators and learners seeking to improve English speaking abilities, emphasizing both cognitive and affective aspects of oral proficiency development.

Ushbu maqolada Saljuqiylarning harbiy boshqaruv tizimi va imperiyalashgan tuzilmasi nafaqat musulmon dunyosining, balki butun Yaqin Sharqning ijtimoiy, siyosiy va iqtisodiy hayotiga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. Maqolada Saljuqiylar davlati misolida harbiy boshqaruvning imperiyalashgan tizimi va uning asosiy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi.