Ushbu maqolada XVIII–XIX asrlarda Xiva xonligi va Rossiya imperiyasi o‘rtasidagi siyosiy, diplomatik va harbiy munosabatlar tarixiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Dastlab savdo va elchilik aloqalari shaklida boshlangan munosabatlar, vaqt o‘tishi bilan Rossiya imperiyasining bosqinchilik siyosati ta’sirida keskin tus olgan. 1873-yilgi harbiy yurish va uning oqibatida Xiva xonligining yarim mustamlakaga aylanishi ikki davlat o‘rtasidagi asimmetrik munosabatlarning yakuniy bosqichi sifatida ko‘rsatiladi. Mazkur tarixiy jarayonlar O‘rta Osiyodagi geosiyosiy o‘zgarishlarni anglashda muhim ilmiy ahamiyatga ega.

Moliya bozori zamonaviy iqtisodiy tizimlarda investitsiya faoliyati, risklarni boshqarish va kapital resurslarini optimal taqsimlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqolada moliya bozori tahlili asosida samarali moliyaviy qarorlar qabul qilishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari chuqur o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi — investorlar, kompaniyalar va moliyaviy institutlar uchun moliyaviy qaror qabul qilishda moliya bozorining turli segmentlari (fond bozori, obligatsiyalar bozori, valyuta bozori, derivativlar bozori) tahlilining samaradorligini aniqlashdir. Maqolada fundamental tahlil, texnik tahlil va kvantitativ modellashtirish usullarining afzalliklari, ularning qarorlar sifatiga ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, so’ngi yillar oralig‘ida O‘zbekiston moliya bozorining asosiy statistik ko‘rsatkichlari tahlil etilib, fond bozorida IPOlar sonining ortishi, valyuta kursining barqarorligi va moliyaviy xizmatlar sifati bo‘yicha o‘sishlar qayd etilgan. Ushbu tahlillar asosida investorlar va boshqaruv subyektlari uchun strategik qarorlar qanday shakllanishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Maqola yakunida esa raqamli texnologiyalarning (AI, Big Data, Fintech) moliyaviy tahlil vositalariga ta’siri va ularning qaror qabul qilishda kelajakdagi roli yoritilgan.

Maqolada pedagog shaxsida kasbiy qoniqqanlikni shakllantiruvchi psixologik, ijtimoiy va tashkiliy omillar keng qamrovda tahlil qilingan. Ichki motivatsiya, self-efficacy, emotsional barqarorlik hamda tashqi omillar – mehnat sharoitlari, jamiyatning munosabati, boshqaruv muhitining roli chuqur yoritilgan. Empirik tadqiqotlar asosida kasbiy qoniqqanlik darajasiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar aniqlangan va ularni yaxshilash bo‘yicha amaliy takliflar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada ta‘lim muassasalarida o‘qitish metodikasining dolzarb muammolari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada zamonaviy pedagogik yondashuvlar, interaktiv ta‘lim metodlarining ahamiyati, ta‘lim va tarbiyaning integratsiyasi, o‘qituvchilar va o‘quvchilar o‘rtasidagi aloqalarning zaifligi kabi masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with congenital hydrocephalus, posing unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to explore the specific features of pneumonia progression in children born with hydrocephalus, focusing on the interplay between neurological impairments and respiratory vulnerability. Hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, can lead to various neurological deficits, which in turn increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections, including pneumonia. The study employs a retrospective analysis of clinical data from pediatric patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus who were also treated for pneumonia. Data were collected on the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, and outcomes of pneumonia in these patients. Key findings revealed that children with hydrocephalus often present with atypical pneumonia symptoms, including lethargy, irritability, and feeding difficulties, which complicates early diagnosis. Furthermore, respiratory defense mechanisms in these children are compromised due to poor neuromuscular control and swallowing dysfunction, leading to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia.