This article examines the linguistic and cultural aspects of expressing respect in the French language, particularly through personal pronouns. It highlights the roles of "vous" and "tu" in formal and informal communication, illustrating their significance in social interactions. Additionally, the study explores how French fairy tales reflect respect through honorifics and pronoun usage, shaping the etiquette of dialogue. The findings emphasize the importance of these linguistic elements in maintaining politeness and hierarchical distinctions within conversations.

Ushbu maqolada inson huuquqlari tushunchasi, uning jamiyatdagi ahamiyati, shakllanish tarixi va zamonaviy hayotda amalga oshirilayotgan tamoyillar haqida so’z boradi. Shuningdek, inson huquqlari butun insoniyatning intilishlari, orzu-umidlarini o’ziga jamlagan keng qamrovli tushuncha ekanligi atroflicha yoritib o’tilgan. Maqola davomida inson huquqlari haqidagi sharq mutaffakir olimlarning qarashlari va fikirlari haqida alohida to’xtalib o’tilgan.

Mazkur maqolada O’zbek, Ingliz va Nemis tillarining nazariy fonologiya sohasining kelib chiqishi tarixi ilk bosqichidagi umumiy va o’ziga hos jihatlari yuqoridagi tillar doirasida qiyosiy tahlil qilingan. Ushbu tadqiqotni olib borishda tipologik va chog’ishtirma metodlardan foydalanildi. Unda Eski ingliz va qadimgi yuqori nemistillari, rivojlanish davridagi katta farqqa qaramay, fonologik sathi bir-biriga o’xshashligi, qadimgi turkiy til esa so’z urg’usining beqarorligi bilan farqlanishi o’rganildi. Tillarni diaxronik fonologiyasini qiyoslashga qaratilgan izlanishlar najtijasida tilshunoslar va o’quvchilarga turli fonologik qoidalarga ega tillarni o’rganish yoki tarjima qilishdagi qiyinchiliklarni tushunishi yanada osonlashadi.

Mazkur maqolada turizm etikasi tushunchasi, uning asosiy tamoyillari va amaliy ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. Turizm etikasi — bu sayyohlar, xizmat ko‘rsatuvchilar, mahalliy aholi va ekologik muhit o‘rtasidagi axloqiy munosabatlarni tartibga soluvchi me’yorlar majmui bo‘lib, u o‘zaro hurmat, mas’uliyat, halollik, madaniyatlararo muloqot va adolat prinsiplariga asoslanadi. Maqolada turizmda etik qadriyatlarning sayyohlar va mezbonlar o‘rtasidagi ijobiy munosabatlarga, xizmat sifati va mamlakatning xalqaro imijiga ta’siri alohida ta’kidlangan. Ushbu maqolada muallif tomonidan tarixiy va madaniy meros ob’ektlariga nisbatan ehtiyotkorlik, ekologik barqarorlikka e’tibor, xizmat ko‘rsatishdagi madaniyat va mehmondo‘stlik kabi omillar barqaror turizm asosini tashkil etuvchi mezonlar sifatida ko‘rsatilgan. Shuningdek, etika va barqaror rivojlanish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik, yosh avlodni etik ong asosida tarbiyalash, ta’lim tizimiga etik me’yorlarni kiritish zaruriyati ham tahlil etilgan. Maqola natijasida, turizmda etik yondashuv nafaqat axloqiy, balki ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy jihatdan ham rivojlanishning muhim omili ekanligi xulosa sifatida ilgari suriladi.

The ongoing war in Gaza has subjected women to grave violations, including sexual violence, forced displacement, indiscriminate attacks, and denial of essential services. These acts breach core principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This study employs a doctrinal and interdisciplinary methodology to examine war crimes committed against women in Gaza through a gender-based lens, grounded in international legal and human rights frameworks. Despite existing legal protections for civilians, women in Gaza continue to suffer disproportionately, enduring physical harm, psychological trauma, and heightened economic vulnerability. This research explores documented violations, the erosion of international accountability, and the urgent need for effective global intervention. It also investigates humanitarian consequences such as the destruction of health infrastructure and disruption of social support systems, which compound women's suffering. Drawing on reports from judicial authorities and human rights organizations, the study highlights the failure to prosecute perpetrators and the inadequacy of current protection mechanisms. These gaps demand stronger legal enforcement, increased humanitarian support, and greater international advocacy. Urgent action is essential to prevent further abuses, ensure justice for victims, and reinforce protection for women in armed conflict zones like Gaza.