This article provides a brief overview of the stages of improvement of labor legislation in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the influence of international experiences on the activity of the labor legislation of Uzbekistan and their interactions.

This chapter explores the pragmatic features of interrogative sentences, emphasizing their functional diversity and context-dependent usage in communication. While traditionally seen as question forms intended to gather information, interrogatives also function as indirect requests, expressions of politeness, rhetorical tools, and markers of social relations. The analysis highlights how meaning is shaped by speaker intent, listener interpretation, sociocultural norms, and conversational context. Using insights from speech act theory, discourse analysis, and cross-cultural pragmatics, the study reveals that interrogatives are not merely grammatical constructs but dynamic instruments of human interaction. The chapter concludes that an effective understanding of interrogative sentences requires an integrative pragmatic approach that considers both linguistic form and communicative function.

В данной научной работе анализируются методы математического моделирования развития и оптимизации качества выносливости в велоспорте. Изучены физиологические, биомеханические и энергетические параметры, влияющие на выносливость, и рассмотрено их выражение с помощью математических моделей. Проанализированы современные модели, используемые для планирования тренировочного процесса спортсменов на основе индивидуальных параметров, оптимизации распределения энергии во время соревнований и повышения выносливости. Результаты исследования послужат улучшению показателей выносливости спортсменов и совершенствованию соревновательной стратегии.

Mawlawi Hamidullah Hamidi Balkhi is one of the distinguished and multifaceted contemporary figures of Afghanistan who has played a prominent role in teaching Islamic sciences, promoting Islamic literature, and writing. This article seeks to analyze and examine the various dimensions of his personality—as a religious scholar, a poet committed to Islamic literature, and a thoughtful writer. Drawing upon his published works, poems, and writings, the study highlights the connection between religious commitment, scholarly expertise, and literary expression in his thought and writing. The findings of this research reveal that Hamidi Balkhi, by combining profound religious knowledge with high literary capacity, has had a significant impact on promoting Islamic values, awakening intellectual consciousness, and preserving the language and religious literature within Afghan society.

Ushbu maqolada Ona tili ta’limida baholash turlari, ona tilini o‘qitishda o‘quvchilarning tinglab tushunish ko‘nikmasini shakllantirish va rivojlantirish; eshitib tushunish ko‘nikmasini baholash zarurati;