Bul maqalada gúl sóziniń leksika-semantikalıq ózgeshelikleri arnawlı ilimiy izertlewler tiykarında analizlendi hám qaraqalpaq tiline tán tárepleri de aytıp ótildi. «Gúl» semantikalıq maydanına kiriwshi bir qatar birliklerdiń etimologiyalıq ózgeshelikleri de talqılandı.

English phrasal verbs are an important feature of the English lexical and grammatical system. They consist mainly of a verb combined with an adverbial particle or, in some cases, a particle and a preposition. Phrasal verbs such as give up, look after, find out, and take off are extremely common in everyday English and are particularly significant for learners who want to achieve natural and fluent communication. At the same time, they are difficult to understand and use because their meanings are not always predictable from the meanings of their individual components. This paper presents a comparative analysis of English phrasal verbs, focusing on their structural, syntactic, semantic, and functional characteristics. It also considers the relationship between phrasal verbs and their equivalents in other linguistic systems, particularly languages that tend to express verbal meanings through prefixes or single lexical verbs. The analysis demonstrates that phrasal verbs can have literal, semi-transparent, and idiomatic meanings and can function according to different syntactic patterns. Particular attention is given to separable and inseparable phrasal verbs, transitive and intransitive constructions, and difficulties associated with their translation and acquisition. The study concludes that understanding phrasal verbs requires learners to develop both vocabulary and grammatical awareness. Their systematic study is therefore essential for effective English-language learning, translation, and communication.

Maqolada 2022–2024 yillarda Respublika perinatal markazida tug‘ruq qilgan yosh onalarda homiladorlik va tug‘ruq jarayonining xususiyatlari o‘rganish natijalari keltirilgan. O‘smir yoshdagi ayollar guruhida homiladorlik asoratlari statistik jihatdan ancha tez-tez uchrashi aniqlangan. Anemiya, platsenta bilan bog‘liq buzilishlar kabi patologiyalarda statistik ahamiyatli farq kuzatilgan. O‘smirlikdagi homiladorlik xavfli asorat — preeklampsiya rivojlanishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Yosh homiladorlarda vaqtidan oldin tug`ruq xavfi yuqori bo‘lgan guruhga kiradi. O‘smirlar guruhida kesarcha kesish yo‘li bilan tug‘ruq qilish holatlari tahlili keltirilgan. Olingan ma’lumotlar yosh onalarda homiladorlik va tug‘ruq asoratlarini oldini olish choralari ishlab chiqish va amaliyotga joriy etish uchun asos bo‘ladi.

International financial cooperation has become an increasingly important instrument for strengthening social stability, particularly in economies exposed to financial crises, unemployment, poverty, migration pressures, public-health emergencies, and other external shocks. Cooperation among national governments, international financial institutions, regional development banks, donor agencies, and multilateral funds can contribute not only to macroeconomic stabilization but also to the protection of employment, household incomes, access to essential public services, social inclusion, and human-capital development. This article examines the impact of international financial cooperation on social stability through selected successful experiences, including the European Union’s Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) instrument, the Global Concessional Finance Facility and related programs in Jordan, Asian Development Bank support for social resilience in Bangladesh, and international financial cooperation supporting social protection reforms in Uzbekistan. The study applies a comparative and descriptive analytical approach based on secondary data from international financial institutions. The findings indicate that the social impact of international financing is greatest when financial assistance is closely integrated with targeted social protection, employment measures, institutional reforms, digital delivery mechanisms, and transparent monitoring systems. The article concludes that international financial cooperation should increasingly be viewed as a multidimensional mechanism for maintaining social resilience rather than merely as an instrument for correcting macroeconomic imbalances.

Ushbu maqolada o‘qituvchi tomonidan o‘quvchilarga ko‘rsatiladigan ijtimoiy, emotsional va akademik qo‘llab-quvvatlashning o‘quvchilarning psixologik farovonligi bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi pedagogik-psixologik nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada o‘qituvchi qo‘llab-quvvatlashining mazmuni, uning asosiy shakllari hamda psixologik farovonlikning tarkibiy komponentlari yoritiladi. O‘zbek va xorijiy ilmiy manbalar tahlili asosida o‘qituvchining empatik munosabati, o‘quvchi fikrini hurmat qilishi, konstruktiv fikr-mulohaza berishi, akademik qiyinchiliklarda yordam ko‘rsatishi va psixologik xavfsiz ta’lim muhitini yaratishi o‘quvchilarning farovonligi bilan bog‘liq muhim omillar ekanligi asoslanadi.