This article provides a comprehensive overview of research conducted on the activities of schools and madrasas in the Kokand Khanate. It explores the types of educational institutions, the methods used to teach students, and the organizational aspects of classes. The work also reflects on historical accounts, foreign and local researchers' contributions, and the impact of traditional Islamic education on society in the region.

This scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of financial technologies (fintech) on banking activities using the example of one of the leading commercial banks of Uzbekistan - JSCB "Uzsanoatqurilishbank". Fintech technologies, which have been developing rapidly in recent years, are creating broad opportunities for banks to automate traditional operations, improve the quality of customer service, reduce costs, and diversify financial products. This article provides a detailed analysis of the implementation of such innovative technologies in JSCB "Uzsanoatqurilishbank" and their effectiveness. The study covers the changes in fintech projects implemented by the bank in 2018–2024, in particular - mobile banking applications, online lending systems, artificial intelligence-based recommendation modules, blockchain technologies, real-time currency conversion, and biometric authentication systems, based on statistical data. The article shows the real impact of digital transformation based on indicators such as the share of digital transactions, the growth of the number of customers, the speed and convenience of services. It also analyzes the problems encountered in the process of fintech implementation, including cybersecurity threats, technical failures, information privacy issues, and solutions developed by the bank to reduce them. Through this example, the author scientifically substantiates the profound impact of fintech technologies on banking activities not only technically, but also economically and socially. This article is of practical and theoretical importance for bank managers, financial specialists, information technology specialists and scientific researchers, and indicates the main directions of the digital transformation process of the banking system of Uzbekistan.

Ushbu maqola raqamli makonda bola huquqlarining himoyasi milliy va xorijiy qonunchilikda qay darajada aks etganligi chuqur va atroflicha tahlil qilingan. Qolaversa, ushbu sohada amalga oshirilayotgan ishlar va ularning qay darajada samaradorligi keltirib o’tilgan. Shuningdek bola huquqlarini raqamli texnologiyalarda xavsizlik va maxfiylik choralarni ko’rish haqida davlatlarning tajribasi ham yoritib o’tilgan. Internet tizimida bola huquqlarining himoya qilish sohasida davlat uchrashi mumkin bo’lgan asosiy muammolar tahlil qilingan hamda ushbu muammolarni hal qilish yuzasidan tegishli takliflar ishlab chiqilgan. Milliy qonunchiligimizda ham bola huquqlarining himoyasi bo’yicha ko’rilayotgan chora-tadbirlar haqida ham fikirlar bildirilgan.

Moliya bozori zamonaviy iqtisodiy tizimlarda investitsiya faoliyati, risklarni boshqarish va kapital resurslarini optimal taqsimlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqolada moliya bozori tahlili asosida samarali moliyaviy qarorlar qabul qilishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari chuqur o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi — investorlar, kompaniyalar va moliyaviy institutlar uchun moliyaviy qaror qabul qilishda moliya bozorining turli segmentlari (fond bozori, obligatsiyalar bozori, valyuta bozori, derivativlar bozori) tahlilining samaradorligini aniqlashdir. Maqolada fundamental tahlil, texnik tahlil va kvantitativ modellashtirish usullarining afzalliklari, ularning qarorlar sifatiga ta’siri tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, so’ngi yillar oralig‘ida O‘zbekiston moliya bozorining asosiy statistik ko‘rsatkichlari tahlil etilib, fond bozorida IPOlar sonining ortishi, valyuta kursining barqarorligi va moliyaviy xizmatlar sifati bo‘yicha o‘sishlar qayd etilgan. Ushbu tahlillar asosida investorlar va boshqaruv subyektlari uchun strategik qarorlar qanday shakllanishi mumkinligi ko‘rsatib berilgan. Maqola yakunida esa raqamli texnologiyalarning (AI, Big Data, Fintech) moliyaviy tahlil vositalariga ta’siri va ularning qaror qabul qilishda kelajakdagi roli yoritilgan.

Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with congenital hydrocephalus, posing unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to explore the specific features of pneumonia progression in children born with hydrocephalus, focusing on the interplay between neurological impairments and respiratory vulnerability. Hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, can lead to various neurological deficits, which in turn increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections, including pneumonia. The study employs a retrospective analysis of clinical data from pediatric patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus who were also treated for pneumonia. Data were collected on the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, and outcomes of pneumonia in these patients. Key findings revealed that children with hydrocephalus often present with atypical pneumonia symptoms, including lethargy, irritability, and feeding difficulties, which complicates early diagnosis. Furthermore, respiratory defense mechanisms in these children are compromised due to poor neuromuscular control and swallowing dysfunction, leading to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia.