The ongoing war in Gaza has subjected women to grave violations, including sexual violence, forced displacement, indiscriminate attacks, and denial of essential services. These acts breach core principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), including the Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This study employs a doctrinal and interdisciplinary methodology to examine war crimes committed against women in Gaza through a gender-based lens, grounded in international legal and human rights frameworks. Despite existing legal protections for civilians, women in Gaza continue to suffer disproportionately, enduring physical harm, psychological trauma, and heightened economic vulnerability. This research explores documented violations, the erosion of international accountability, and the urgent need for effective global intervention. It also investigates humanitarian consequences such as the destruction of health infrastructure and disruption of social support systems, which compound women's suffering. Drawing on reports from judicial authorities and human rights organizations, the study highlights the failure to prosecute perpetrators and the inadequacy of current protection mechanisms. These gaps demand stronger legal enforcement, increased humanitarian support, and greater international advocacy. Urgent action is essential to prevent further abuses, ensure justice for victims, and reinforce protection for women in armed conflict zones like Gaza.

This study explores the profound impact of armed conflict on women in Gaza, focusing on the legal and humanitarian challenges they face. As one of the most vulnerable groups in conflict zones, women in Gaza endure a wide spectrum of hardships, including gender-based violence, displacement, exploitation, and the collapse of essential services such as healthcare and education. The protracted blockade, repeated military operations, and destruction of infrastructure have intensified their vulnerability and deepened existing gender inequalities. This research adopts an analytical-legal approach to examine the extent to which international legal frameworks particularly the Geneva Conventions, their Additional Protocols, and UN Security Council Resolution 1325 address the protection of women in armed conflict. Despite these legal commitments, implementation in Gaza remains inadequate due to political, logistical, and security constraints, with little accountability for violations. The study also evaluates the role of local women’s rights groups in responding to these challenges. It concludes that stronger international accountability, effective enforcement of legal obligations, and greater inclusion of women in peacebuilding and reconstruction efforts are essential. By highlighting the specific vulnerabilities of women in Gaza, this research aims to contribute to more comprehensive and gender-sensitive strategies in conflict and post-conflict settings.

The rule of law, as one of the fundamental pillars of a justice-oriented governmental system, plays a crucial and significant role in the realization of social justice. This concept emphasizes that all individuals, including governmental authorities, must be subjected to the same, clearly defined laws, with no one being exempt from accountability or punishment. In order to secure social justice, the effective enforcement of laws, adherence to principles of equality and proportionality, and their application across various judicial, executive, and governmental spheres is essential. This research aims to address the question of whether the rule of law has a direct and impactful effect on the realization of social justice in contemporary societies. A law-abiding state, functioning according to transparent and just laws, can contribute significantly to the realization of social justice. The core principles of the rule of law encompass the limitation of power, the supervision of governmental authorities, and access to an independent judiciary, all of which must be implemented within the framework of valid legal sources. Furthermore, the alignment between legal frameworks and social norms, the respect for both individual and collective rights, as well as access to fair trials, are indispensable components for achieving social justice. Ultimately, the rule of law, alongside legitimate legal resources, particularly in democratic and human rights-based systems, can foster the enhancement of citizens' rights and freedoms, contributing to the establishment of a just and sustainable society.

This paper examines the alarming practice of child soldier recruitment by the Houthi movement in Yemen’s ongoing armed conflict, highlighting the widespread and systematic nature of this war crime. The study focuses on the methods used by the Houthis to recruit children, some as young as eight years old, for both combat and auxiliary support roles. It delves into the devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences these children face, including injuries, permanent disabilities, and long-term trauma such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of this research is to analyze the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the Houthis, framing these actions as clear violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and human rights conventions, such as the Geneva Conventions, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The methodology employs a qualitative approach, utilizing reports from international human rights organizations, UN documentation, and eyewitness testimonies to assess the scope of these violations. The study aims to raise awareness about the unlawful use of children in armed conflict by the Houthis and the broader societal impact on Yemen. The findings indicate that the Houthi movement systematically violates international law by conscripting and deploying child soldiers. In conclusion, the paper calls for urgent international action, including legal accountability, child protection policies, and comprehensive rehabilitation programs for former child soldiers.

Mazkur maqolada turizm etikasi tushunchasi, uning asosiy tamoyillari va amaliy ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. Turizm etikasi — bu sayyohlar, xizmat ko‘rsatuvchilar, mahalliy aholi va ekologik muhit o‘rtasidagi axloqiy munosabatlarni tartibga soluvchi me’yorlar majmui bo‘lib, u o‘zaro hurmat, mas’uliyat, halollik, madaniyatlararo muloqot va adolat prinsiplariga asoslanadi. Maqolada turizmda etik qadriyatlarning sayyohlar va mezbonlar o‘rtasidagi ijobiy munosabatlarga, xizmat sifati va mamlakatning xalqaro imijiga ta’siri alohida ta’kidlangan. Ushbu maqolada muallif tomonidan tarixiy va madaniy meros ob’ektlariga nisbatan ehtiyotkorlik, ekologik barqarorlikka e’tibor, xizmat ko‘rsatishdagi madaniyat va mehmondo‘stlik kabi omillar barqaror turizm asosini tashkil etuvchi mezonlar sifatida ko‘rsatilgan. Shuningdek, etika va barqaror rivojlanish o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik, yosh avlodni etik ong asosida tarbiyalash, ta’lim tizimiga etik me’yorlarni kiritish zaruriyati ham tahlil etilgan. Maqola natijasida, turizmda etik yondashuv nafaqat axloqiy, balki ijtimoiy, iqtisodiy va madaniy jihatdan ham rivojlanishning muhim omili ekanligi xulosa sifatida ilgari suriladi.