This study investigates the challenges in teaching grammar to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. More specifically, it focuses on grammar challenges caused by the interference of the students’ native languages, teaching strategies and the classroom environment. The research includes 100 EFL students at two different English Departments at Herat University. A questionnaire is adopted to test the challenges in the three different areas. Statistical tests are applied to check if the challenges are perceived to affect by students’ grammar skill. The findings show that students’ learning is significantly influenced by three key factors: language interference, teaching strategies, and classroom environment. Most students reported challenges with understanding English, emphasized the importance of effective teaching strategis, and noted that classroom conditions impact their focus. Implications on native language and both instructional and environmental improvements are regarded as crucial for enhancing learning outcomes.

This article develops interactive game activities to strengthen and develop the English vocabulary of preschoolers on the topic of "Weather Conditions". The aim is to increase the effectiveness of language learning by combining children's motor and memory skills. During the study, various interactive methods were used, focusing on maintaining children's interest and encouraging them to participate actively.

Ushbu maqolada inson tafakkuri va dunyoqarashining shakllanishi va rivojlanishida psixologiya fanining o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tafakkurning psixologik asoslari, dunyoqarashga ta’sir qiluvchi omillar, zamonaviy psixologik metodlar va ularning shaxs rivojiga ta’siri haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Shuningdek, psixologiyaning turli sohalarining bu boradagi ilmiy va amaliy hissasi ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi.

Severe trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in patients under the age of 45. Effective early management in the hospital setting is critical for improving survival rates and reducing long-term disability. This article provides an in-depth overview of first aid strategies and emergency clinical protocols applied to patients with life-threatening trauma, based on internationally accepted trauma care guidelines such as Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR).

Ushbu maqolada gepatit C virusi (HCV) infeksiyasining global sog‘liq uchun ahamiyati, genotiplari, yuqish yo‘llari va davolash usullarining zamonaviy yondashuvlari yoritilgan. Maqolada HCV infeksiyasining epidemiologiyasi, virion va genom tuzilishi, hamda virusning jigar faoliyatiga salbiy ta’siri keng tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ta’sir qiluvchi antiviral vositalar (DAA) terapiyasining samaradorligi, ularning turli genotiplarga ta’siri va interferon asosidagi terapiyaga nisbatan ustunliklari muhokama qilingan. HCVni butunlay yo‘q qilish uchun JSST tomonidan belgilangan maqsadlarga erishish yo‘lida skrining, tashxis, profilaktika va doimiy monitoring zarurligi asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, DAA terapiyasi bilan bog‘liq rezistentlik, gepatotsellyulyar karsinoma (HCC) xavfi va noinvaziv biomarkerlar orqali monitoring masalalariga ham alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.