As is known, the approval of a new generation of state educational standards implies changes in the structure and content of the educational process, as well as changes in the requirements for the activities of the teacher himself. Today, the teacher is faced with the need to implement a systematic approach to teaching.

Ushbu maqolada abbdulla Qahhorning “Daxshat” hikoyasidagi ayollar obrazi, ularning o’sha davrda jamiyatdagi o’rni, qiyinchiliklari va oila bilan munosabatlari haqida fikr yuritiladi.

The article discusses the fact that an important task of a teacher is to form the right and constant motivation for studying this subject, noting the importance of extracurricular activities, study of science circles as the main component of the formation of professional competencies. Students are offered to solve situational problems that are as close as possible to the most common clinical situations encountered in the practical activities of future specialists.

Maktabgacha ta’lim tizimini markazlashtirish yoki desentralizatsiya qilish har bir mamlakatning ta’lim siyosati va ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy sharoitlariga bog‘liq. Markazlashtirilgan tizim davlat tomonidan to‘liq nazorat qilinib, barcha bolalar uchun teng ta’lim imkoniyatlarini yaratishga xizmat qiladi. Bu usul Fransiya, Rossiya va Xitoy kabi mamlakatlarda keng qo‘llaniladi. Yarim markazlashtirilgan tizim esa Germaniya, Janubiy Koreya va Turkiya kabi davlatlarda joriy etilgan bo‘lib, unda davlat va xususiy sektor hamkorligi mavjud. AQSh, Finlyandiya va Kanada kabi davlatlarda esa maktabgacha ta’lim asosan mahalliy boshqaruv organlari yoki xususiy sektor tomonidan tashkil etiladi. Markazlashtirish ta’lim sifatini standartlashtirish, moliyaviy barqarorlik va innovatsiyalarni keng joriy etish imkonini bersa, desentralizatsiya esa moslashuvchanlik va tanlov erkinligini oshiradi. Shu bois, har bir mamlakat o‘ziga xos ehtiyoj va sharoitlardan kelib chiqib, optimal yondashuvni tanlaydi.

This article explores the symbolic and social meaning of the concept of "mother" in the works of John Ernest Steinbeck. In works such as The Grapes of Wrath and East of Eden, images of motherhood are analyzed as symbols of family stability and human endurance. The article highlights the social significance of motherhood in Steinbeck's work and its role in revealing human nature.