XX asr boshlarida Turkistonda vujudga kelgan milliy uyg'onish harakatining atoqli rahbarlaridan biri Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy bo'lib, shu davrda o'zbek xalqi ijtimoiy ongining uyg'onishida muhim rol o'ynadi. Yurtimizda birinchilar qatori yangicha ta'lim metodiga asoslangan jadid maktablarini ochdi. Behbudiy Turkistonning kelajagi onalar qo'lida ekanligi, ularning savodli bo'lmog'i lozimligi, yosh avlod onalar qo'lida tarbiya topishi haqidagi fikrlari ham tahsinga loyiq. Ijodkor "Samarqand" gazetasi va "Oyna" jurnalini tashkil etib, milliy jurnalistika rivojiga tamal toshini qo'yganlardan biri bo'ldi. Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy pedagogik asarlarida ota-onalar mas'uliyati, farzandlar tarbiyasi, burch masalalari Qur'oni Karim va Hadisi Sharif singari muqaddas manbalar ko'rsatmalariga suyangan holda e'tirof etiladi.

Ushbu maqolada turkologiyaning dolzarb mavzularidan biri, xususan, hozirgi qoraqalpoq tilshunosligidagi etnografizmlar muhokama qilinadi. Ayniqsa, bu yo‘nalishda chuqur va har tomonlama tadqiqot olib borish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada qoraqalpoq adabiyotining yetuk vakili, shoira G. Davletova ijodida uchraydigan etnografizmlar uslubiy jihatdan tahlili amalga oshirilgan.

This article examines the evolving challenges that artificial intelligence (AI) poses to traditional copyright frameworks, focusing specifically on AI-generated content. It begins by defining AI-generated works and exploring why these outputs disrupt long-standing legal principles, such as human authorship, originality, and creative expression. The article then conducts a comparative legal analysis between the United States and Uzbekistan—two jurisdictions with markedly different levels of technological development and legal infrastructure. In the U.S., copyright protection is explicitly reserved for human creators, as reinforced by recent case law and the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance. Conversely, Uzbekistan's legal framework does not yet address AI-generated content, offering both challenges due to legal uncertainty and opportunities for progressive reform. The article highlights the lack of legal precedent in Uzbekistan and underscores the importance of establishing a coherent IP policy that balances innovation and legal protection. Through this comparative approach, the article aims to inform policymakers, scholars, and practitioners on how different jurisdictions can adapt or reform copyright law in response to AI advancements. It concludes by advocating for flexible, forward-looking legal strategies that accommodate technological change while upholding the fundamental principles of intellectual property.

Мазкур мақолада мактабгача ёшдаги болаларни саноқка ўргатишнинг мақсади, вазифалари, педагогик ва психологиявий асослари ҳамда амалий усул ва воситалари ёритиб берилади. Болаларда мантиқий фикрлаш, диққат ва хотирани ривожлантиришда саноқка ўргатишнинг аҳамияти таъкидланади.

This paper explores the lingua-cultural aspects of phraseological units containing names of body parts. Phraseological units are an essential part of any language, reflecting not only linguistic creativity but also the cultural values and worldview of the speakers. Body parts as semantic components in idiomatic expressions carry rich metaphorical meanings that vary across cultures. By analyzing these units in different languages, the study reveals both universal cognitive patterns and culture-specific features. Understanding these linguistic and cultural nuances is crucial for effective cross-cultural communication, translation, and language teaching. The research highlights the importance of phraseological units as cultural markers and cognitive tools that deepen our understanding of language as a reflection of human experience.