Mazkur maqolada mahsulot sifati va xavfsizligi tushunchalari, ularning nazariy asoslari hamda amaliy ko‘rsatkichlari har tomonlama tahlil qilinadi. Sifat va xavfsizlik bugungi kundagi iste’molchi talablariga javob beruvchi mahsulot yaratishda muhim omil hisoblanadi. Maqolada xalqaro va milliy standartlar, ISO tizimi, texnik reglamentlar hamda mahsulotni baholash mezonlari asosida sifat va xavfsizlikning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi yoritiladi. Shuningdek, mahsulot sifati va xavfsizligini ta’minlashda ishlab chiqaruvchining mas’uliyati, davlat nazorati, sertifikatlashtirish va iste’molchi huquqlari muhim o‘rin tutishi asoslanadi. Tadqiqotda O‘zbekiston sharoitida mavjud qonunchilik va amaliy tajriba misolida tahlillar keltirilib, zamonaviy yondashuvlar muhokama qilinadi.

Ilimiy maqalada shańaraqta qız balalardı tárbiyalawdıń ózine tán ózgeshelikleri,qızlar tárbiyasında xalıq pedagogikası dereklerinen paydalanıwdıń jolları,usılları oǵada keń sóz etilgen. Haqiyqatındada shıǵıs xalıqları qız balalar tárbiyasına ázel-ázelden úlken itibar berip kelmekte.

Boshlang'ich sinflarda ona tili darslari nafaqat o‘quvchilarga savod o‘rgatish, balki ularning muloqot qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish, ijodiy fikrlashini shakllantirish va mustaqil qobiliyatlarni rivojlantirish, ijodiy fikrlashini shakllantirish va mustaqil qaror qabul qilish ko‘nikmalarini o‘stirishga xizmat qiladi. Zamonaviy ta’limda o‘qitish jarayonini yanada samarali va qiziqarli qilish uchun interfaol metodlardan foydalanish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Bu metodlar o‘quvchilarning dars jarayonida faol ishtirok etishini ta’minlaydi, ularning faolligini oshiradi va bilimlarni mustahkamlashga yordam beradi.

The automatization of the heart is its fundamental ability to independently generate electrical impulses that initiate heart contractions, without external stimulation from the nervous system. This review is devoted to a comprehensive review of this phenomenon. The main driver of the rhythm is normally the sinoatrial (CA) node, whose cells have unique electrophysiological properties, in particular, the ability to slow spontaneous diastolic depolarization (phase 4 of the action potential). This process is based on the complex dynamics of ion currents, including the "funny" current (If), calcium currents (ICa,T, ICa,L) and potassium currents (IK). The review examines in detail the ionic mechanisms of pacemaker activity, the hierarchy of pacemakers (CA node, atrioventricular node, Gis-Purkinje system) and the phenomenon of suppression of the underlying centers of automatism (overdrive suppression). The mechanisms of regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic), humoral factors (adrenaline, thyroid hormones) and other influences (temperature, ion balance, hypoxia) are highlighted. The clinical significance of automation is discussed, including pathological conditions such as CA node dysfunction (sinus node weakness syndrome), ectopic foci of automatism, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias associated with abnormal automation, as well as approaches to their diagnosis (ECG) and treatment (antiarrhythmic drugs, artificial pacemakers). In conclusion, modern research directions in this field are considered, including the study of the genetic basis of automatism disorders and the development of biological rhythm drivers.

Mazkur maqolada sport menejmenti sohasida gender tengligi masalalari tahlil qilinadi. Unda ayollarning sport boshqaruvidagi ishtiroki, mavjud to‘siqlar, ilg‘or tajribalar va gender tengligini ta’minlash bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan. Maqola sport tizimidagi adolatli va inklyuziv boshqaruvga erishish yo‘llarini ko‘rsatishga qaratilgan.