Language acquisition is a fundamental aspect of human development and has been the subject of extensive study across multiple disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, and education. Understanding how individuals acquire language, whether their first language (L1) or a second/foreign language (L2), is crucial for the development of effective teaching methodologies and learning environments. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the primary theories that attempt to explain the process of language acquisition. The Behaviorist Theory, pioneered by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes imitation, reinforcement, and habit formation. In contrast, the Nativist Theory, led by Noam Chomsky, argues for an innate, biological capacity for language learning, proposing the existence of a “language acquisition device” (LAD). The Cognitive Theory, influenced by Jean Piaget, highlights the role of mental processes and developmental stages in language learning, while the Social Interactionist Theory, associated with Lev Vygotsky, stresses the importance of social context and interaction in the acquisition of language.

In our study, we examined white laboratory rats born from control and experimental mothers with hypothyroidism. As a result of morphological analysis of the pancreas in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis, significant changes in the delay in the development and formation of individual components of the vascular wall were revealed compared to the control group. From the first days after the start of the experiment, changes in the arterial wall were noted in all experimental animals. The results show that morphological changes in the cells of the pancreas and its blood vessels occur in the offspring born from mothers with hypothyroidism.

Reading plays a vital role in English language acquisition as it helps learners improve vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension skills. Through reading, students are exposed to various sentence structures, idiomatic expressions, and contextual usage of words, which enhances their language proficiency. It also increases motivation and interest in learning, especially when learners choose materials that match their interests and level. Reading not only develops language input but also supports other language skills such as writing and speaking. Furthermore, it encourages independent learning and critical thinking. Effective reading strategies and regular reading habits can significantly speed up the process of acquiring English. Therefore, reading is considered one of the most effective and accessible tools in second language learning.

Hozirgi vaqtda ion implantatsiya usuli materiallarning sirt xususiyatlarini maqsadli o'zgartirishning keng qo'llaniladigan usullaridan biridir. Ion implantatsiyasini qo'llashning asosiy sohasi yarimo'tkazgich kristallariga aralashmalarni kiritishdir. Ushbu maqolada Kremniy kristallini Bor bilan implantatsiya qilgandan keyingi strukturasining eksperimental tadqiqotlari natijalari keltirilgan. Yorug`likning kombinatsion sochilishi usulining yarimo'tkazgich kristallarining sirt tuzilishidagi buzilishlarga yuqori sezgirligi ko'rsatilgan. Spektrometr yurug`likning kombinatsion sochilish spektroskopik metodi yoki Romanov spektroskopiyasiga asoslangan.

This paper examines the main characteristics of intrapersonal communication, which refers to the internal dialogue a person has with themselves. It involves processes such as thinking, analyzing emotions, self-evaluation, and decision-making. The study highlights the significant role of intrapersonal communication in shaping human behavior, self-awareness, and emotional intelligence. It also explores how this form of communication contributes to problem-solving, goal-setting, and self-motivation. Based on psychological perspectives, the paper emphasizes that intrapersonal communication serves as a vital foundation for effective interpersonal relationships and overall mental well-being.