The teaching of phraseological units in English, including idioms, collocations, and fixed expressions, presents unique challenges for language learners. Traditional methods often emphasize rote memorization, which may not effectively facilitate understanding or retention. This article explores the implementation of a learner-centered approach (LCA) in teaching English phraseological units, highlighting strategies that promote active engagement, contextual learning, and personalization. By examining theoretical frameworks and practical applications, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of LCA in enhancing learners' comprehension and use of phraseological units.

Menopause is a critical transitional phase in a woman’s life characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the end of menstruation. It is often accompanied by a range of physical, emotional, and metabolic symptoms that vary in intensity and duration. Recent research indicates that vitamin D plays a significant role not only in bone metabolism but also in the modulation of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the menopausal course in women diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and determine how hypovitaminosis D influences the severity of menopausal manifestations. The study revealed a notable correlation between low serum levels of vitamin D and the severity of vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain. This research underlines the importance of monitoring and correcting vitamin D levels in peri- and postmenopausal women to reduce symptom burden and improve overall quality of life. The menopausal period represents a pivotal phase in the physiological aging process of women, characterized by profound hormonal, psychological, and metabolic transitions. Beyond the well-documented decline in estrogen levels, micronutrient imbalances—particularly vitamin D deficiency—have emerged as critical modifiers of menopausal health outcomes. This study explores the intricate interplay between hypovitaminosis D and the clinical progression of menopause, focusing on symptom intensity, systemic complications, and quality of life implications. The investigation, conducted on a representative cohort of postmenopausal women, revealed a significant amplification of menopausal discomfort in individuals with deficient serum vitamin D levels. Notably, manifestations such as thermal dysregulation, cognitive disturbances, emotional instability, and skeletal complaints were disproportionately prevalent in this subgroup. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in vitamin D optimization to mitigate the climacteric burden and promote healthier aging trajectories among menopausal populations.

Mazkur maqolada Amir Temur va uning avlodlari – Shohrux Mirzo hamda Sulton Abusaid Mirzoning G‘arbiy hududlarga, xususan Ozarbayjon, Eron va Iroq tomonlaridagi yurishlari tarixiy manbalar asosida yoritilgan. Harbiy yurishlarning asosiy sabablari, yurish jarayonidagi siyosiy voqealar, hududlar o‘zgarishi, hukmdorlar o‘rtasidagi kurashlar va ularning natijalari tahlil qilingan. Temuriylarning Ozarbayjon ustidan olib borgan siyosati va harbiy strategiyasi tarixiy bosqichlar asosida bayon etilgan.

Анемия у детей — это одно из наиболее часто встречающихся заболеваний в педиатрической практике, оказывающее существенное влияние на здоровье, когнитивное развитие и качество жизни ребенка. Данная работа посвящена анализу современных методов ранней диагностики анемий у детей, а также оценке эффективности различных терапевтических подходов. В исследовании были использованы как клинико-лабораторные данные 300 пациентов, так и обзор литературных источников по актуальной тематике. Установлено, что своевременная постановка диагноза с последующим этиотропным лечением значительно снижает риск осложнений и рецидивов. Особое внимание уделено железодефицитной анемии, как наиболее распространённой форме, и ее профилактике в условиях школьного и дошкольного воспитания.

Mazkur maqolada tilshunoslikdagi polifunksionallik hodisasi nazariy jihatdan ko‘rib chiqiladi. Til birliklarining bir vaqtning o‘zida bir necha vazifani bajarish xususiyati lingvistik tizimning murakkabligini, ijtimoiy-kommunikativ muhitga moslashuvchanligini ifodalaydi. Maqoladagi polifunksionallik tushunchasining mohiyati, turli til darajalarida namoyon bo‘lishi, kontekst bilan bog‘liqligi va amaliy tilshunoslikdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Shuningdek, bir qator olimlarning polifunksionallik haqidagi nazariyalari tilga olinadi.