Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada jinoyat huquqi nazariyasining asosiy va eng murakkab bo‘g‘inlaridan biri bo‘lgan ayb instituti va uning shakllari har tomonlama yoritilgan. Ayb shaxsning o‘z harakatlari yoki harakatsizligiga nisbatan ruhiy-psixologik munosabatini ifodalaydi va jinoyat tarkibining zaruriy subyektiv elementi sifatida e’tirof etiladi. Shu bois, aybning mavjudligi yoki mavjud emasligi shaxsning jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilishida hal qiluvchi ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz tili o‘qitish metodikasining zamonaviy yondashuvlari, kommunikativ, interaktiv va integrativ metodlarning afzalliklari hamda ularning o‘quvchilarning til kompetensiyasini rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, raqamli texnologiyalar, onlayn ta’lim platformalari va innovatsion pedagogik vositalardan foydalanishning samaradorligi ilmiy asosda yoritilgan.

This article analyzes the types of speech styles, their main characteristics, and scope of application. Speech styles are animportant part of literary language, serving to express various socio-political, scientific, spiritual, and everyday needs ofsociety. Each style has its own lexical, grammatical, and stylistic features that help convey the content of speech clearly,fluently, and effectively. The article highlights the specific aspects of scientific, formal, journalistic, artistic, andconversational styles.

This work studies ways to improve the banking system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, existing problems and proposals for their solution. The work analyzes the current state of the banking system of Uzbekistan, considers such urgent issues as increasing the efficiency of commercial banks, introducing digital technologies, improving the quality of financial services and increasing the financial literacy of the population. Also, based on the experience of foreign countries, proposals and recommendations for the further development of the banking sector have been developed. Based on the results of the research, practical proposals have been put forward aimed at forming a stable and competitive banking system in Uzbekistan.

Yuqori nafas yo‘llari — burun bo‘shlig‘i, burun orti, halqum va hiqildoq kabi murakkab anatomik tuzilmalardan tashkil topgan bo‘lib, ular nafas olish, himoya, rezonans va nutq hosil bo‘lishi kabi muhim fiziologik jarayonlarda ishtirok etadi. Ushbu tuzilmalarning anatomik xususiyatlarini chuqur o‘rganish otorinolaringologiyada tashxis, davolash va jarrohlik amaliyotlarini mukammal bajarish uchun zarur asosdir.