Ушбу мақолада Македон кўприги ва кўприк билан боғлиқ бўлган тарих ҳамда илмий ва қизиқарли маълумотлар берилган.

Ushbu maqolada ko’p insonlarda uchrab kelayotgan qizamiq kasalli, uning etimologiyasi, kasallik klinikasi, yuqush yo’llari, uning alomatlari va davolash usullari haqida ma’lumotlar keltirib o’tildi.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasida belgilab qo‘yilgan fuqarolarning konstitutsiyaviy burchlari yoritilgan. Fuqarolarning shaxsiy, siyosiy, iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy va ekologik burchlari jamiyat taraqqiyoti va barqarorligining asosiy omili sifatida ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada har bir fuqaroning Konstitutsiyaga rioya etish, davlatni himoya qilish, soliq to‘lash, tarixiy va madaniy merosni asrash, atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish kabi burchlari to‘g‘risida batafsil tushuncha berilgan. Burchlarning bajarilishi mamlakatda qonun ustuvorligini, ijtimoiy barqarorlikni ta’minlashda muhim omil bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.

Ushbu maqolada ikki o'lchovli termoelastiklik masalasining chekli elementlar usuli yordamida sonli yechimi ko'rib chiqilgan. Tekis deformatsiya holatidagi termoelastik muammoning matematik modeli, uni yechish algoritmi va Python dasturlash tilida yaratilgan dastur kodi batafsil bayon qilingan. Issiqlik o'tkazuvchanlik va mexanik deformatsiyalar bog'langan holda yechilgan bo'lib, hisoblash natijalari grafik shaklda taqdim etilgan. Olingan natijalar asosida harorat taqsimoti, termik deformatsiyalar va kuchlanishlar tahlil qilingan hamda yechimning amaliy ahamiyati ko'rsatilgan. Maqolada taklif etilgan metodika mexanika va materiallar muhandisligi sohasida issiqlik va mexanik ta'sirlarni baholash uchun foydalanilishi mumkin.

Language skills development is a critical aspect of successful foreign language instruction. This article discusses some of the key strategies, methodologies, and approaches to enhance the four primary language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The discussion highlights the use of communicative competence, learner-centered methods, and technology in the classroom to achieve authentic language learning. The study also covers the role of task-based learning, authentic materials, and formative assessment in facilitating skill development. Furthermore, the article points out challenges language teachers face, such as learner motivation and varying levels of proficiency, and provides practical solutions to addressing them. Through a study of prevailing trends and developments in pedagogy, this research further illuminates the manner in which foreign language teaching can be optimized to meet the diverse needs of learners in our current globalized environment.