Ushbu maqolada zilzilaga tayyorgarlik ko‘rish, zilzila vaqtida va undan keyin to‘g‘ri harakat qilish qoidalari yoritilgan. Zilzila — ogohlantirmaydigan tabiiy ofat bo‘lib, unga qarshi kurashishning yagona yo‘li — oldindan tayyorlik, bilim va hushyorlikdir. Maqolada xonadon xavfsizligini ta’minlash, favqulodda holatlar sumkasini tayyorlash, bolalar, yoshi katta va nogiron fuqarolar xavfsizligi, ruhiy tayyorgarlik, mahalla va jamoaning roli, texnologik vositalardan foydalanish va evakuatsiya rejasi haqida amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Shuningdek, zilzila vaqtida sarosimaga tushmaslik, “Yotish, qoplash va ushlash” qoidasi, xavfli zonalardan uzoqlashish va yordam so‘rash kabi asosiy harakatlar ham yoritilgan. Ushbu maqola aholining zilzilaga nisbatan ongli va tayyor bo‘lishiga, inson hayotini asrashga xizmat qiladi.

В статье рассматривается значение научно-исследовательской деятельности в педагогике как инструмента поиска эффективных форм работы с детьми старшего дошкольного возраста. Особое внимание уделено использованию квест-игр как средства формирования навыков сотрудничества у детей 6–7 лет. Представлены результаты анализа теоретических подходов и обозначены практические рекомендации по организации квест-игр в образовательной деятельности.

The civil liability of physicians in Islamic jurisprudence and the statutory laws of Afghanistan is one of the complex and sensitive issues in medical law, referring to the responsibility of doctors towards patients and the consequences resulting from their medical actions. Civil liability of a physician means their obligation to compensate for financial, physical, or emotional damages caused to patients. This liability typically arises when a doctor fails to fulfill their duties or performs unauthorized or negligent medical procedures. The aim of this study is to examine the conditions and circumstances under which physicians are held civilly liable under Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan statutory law. The central question of this research is: under what conditions and circumstances is a physician liable according to Islamic jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s laws? It appears that if a physician causes harm to a patient due to negligence, lack of caution, or excessive treatment, they are considered liable. This research is conducted through library-based sources and employs a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that a physician cannot be deemed absolutely liable or entirely acquitted; rather, they are liable in cases where they fail to obtain prior consent (discharge of liability), lack sufficient expertise, or commit negligence. Otherwise, they are not considered liable.

Ushbu maqola jismoniy tarbiya darslarida zamonaviy ta'lim berish usullarining ahamiyatini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar, interaktiv metodlar, gamifikatsiya, multimedia vositalari va individuallashtirilgan yondashuvlarning ta'lim jarayoniga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatishi va o'quvchilarning jismoniy, ruhiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishiga qanday hissa qo'shishi ko'rib chiqiladi. Zamonaviy usullar nafaqat jismoniy salomatlikni yaxshilash, balki o'quvchilarni motivatsiya qilish, o'ziga bo'lgan ishonchni oshirish va sport faoliyatida samarali ishtirok etish uchun zarur ko'nikmalarni rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Maqola shuningdek, texnologiyalarni jismoniy tarbiya darslarida qo'llash, tashqi muhitni ta'lim jarayoniga jalb qilish va o'quvchilarga rag'batlantiruvchi muhit yaratish haqida muhokama qiladi. Barcha metodlar orqali jismoniy tarbiya darslari yanada interaktiv, samarali va qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin.

Ushbu maqolada milliy qadriyatlar asosida vatanparvarlik tarbiyasining mazmun-mohiyati, uning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. Milliy qadriyatlarning vatanparvarlik ruhini shakllantirishdagi taʼsiri, tarbiya jarayonidagi usullari va zamonaviy yondashuvlar haqida aniq maʼlumotlar berilgan. Shuningdek, bugungi globallashuv sharoitida milliy g‘oya va qadriyatlarni asrash orqali yuksak vatanparvarlik tuyg‘usini tarbiyalash masalalari tahlil etilgan.