Human dignity is the intrinsic respect, worth, and significance of the human being essentially or extrinsically determined through the rational capacity, volition, and free will of man. In Afghanistan’s constitutional law, human dignity is essential. Human dignity is the core and fundamental principle of all laws, as defined by the 2004 Constitution, which serves as the mother of law and the source of a nation’s legislation. The main aim of this article is to understand the concept of human dignity in Afghanistan constitutional law, particularly in the context of the 2004 constitution. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method and relies on library-based data collection. The results of this study show that in terms of the wording of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, human dignity is a human right and one of the most important values forming a basis for the functioning of governance in Afghanistan. The state is obligated to ensure comprehensive protection of human dignity and to prohibit any actions that violate or undermine it, whether in its inherent or acquired form.

Legal capacity, defined as an individual’s competence to acquire rights and bear obligations, is recognized as a fundamental principle in all legal systems. This study conducts a comparative analysis of commercial capacity within the legal frameworks of Afghanistan and Egypt. The central question of the research is whether the rules governing capacity in commercial matters are similar to those applied in civil affairs, or whether there are fundamental differences between the two domains. The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the concept of commercial capacity in the two legal systems and to examine whether legally incapacitated individuals are permitted to engage in commercial activities. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical method and is based on legal sources from both countries. The findings reveal that although the foundational principles of capacity are similar in both legal systems, there are notable differences in how these principles are applied. In particular, individuals under legal incapacity are not allowed to independently engage in commercial activities, even with the permission of a guardian or curator. Moreover, guardians or curators are also prohibited from conducting commercial activities on behalf of those under their care. This study is significant because a comparative examination of these laws can enhance the understanding and application of capacity rules in commercial matters in both countries.

Ushbu maqolada Oʻtkir Hoshimov serqirra ijodkor, taniqli davlat arbobi, roman va qissalar muallifi hisoblanadi. Uning asarlarida hayotiy boʻlgan masalalar va urush vaqtida boʻlgan barcha qiyinchiliklar tasvirlangan. “Urushning soʻnggi qurboni” bu asarda ham urush vaqtida odamlarning qanday qiyinchilik koʻrgani, nimalar yetishmasligi ochiq tasvirlab berilgan. Hozirgi kun bilan bogʻlasak, hozirda ham zoʻravonliklar, tahdidlar davom etmoqda. Asar bizni tinchlikka undovchi kuch desak aslo mubolagʻa boʻlmaydi.

Ushbu maqolada ajrashgan oilalardagi ota-onalar o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarning farzand psixologiyasiga ta’siri turli ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilingan. Adabiyotlar tahlili orqali ajralishdan keyingi oilaviy muhitda farzandning hissiy-emotsional holatida yuzaga keladigan o‘zgarishlar, psixologik bosimlar va moslashuv jarayonlari yoritilgan. Tahlil falsafiy, psixologik va etnopsixologik nuqtai nazardan olib borilgan. Maqolada milliy qadriyatlar kontekstida o‘zbek oilalarida ajrashuv holatining bolalarga ta’siri alohida ko‘rib chiqilgan.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarining matematik savodxonligini oshirishda mental arifmetikaning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilingan. Integratsiyalashgan yondashuv asosida matematika faniga bo‘lgan qiziqishni oshirish, aqliy rivojlanish, diqqatni jamlash va tez fikrlash ko‘nikmalarini shakllantirishda mental arifmetikaning ta’siri asoslangan. Asosiy qismda to‘rt yechilgan masala orqali mazkur metodikaning amaliy imkoniyatlari ochib beriladi.