Ushbu tаdqiqоtning mаqsаdi advokatura institutining huquqiy maqomi va faoliyatining asosiy tamoyillari, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish masalalari, Adliya vazirligi va advokatura o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish yo‘llari, amaldagi qonunchilikdagi muammolar va ularni bartaraf qilish, xorij tajribasi asosida advokatura va adliya organlari o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarni optimallashtirish bilаn bоg‘liq muаmmоlаrga yechim topishdan ibоrаt. Muаmmоni nаzаriy tеkshirish O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Adliya vazirligi va advokatura instituti o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish masalalari, advokaturaning mustaqilligiga to‘siq bo‘layotgan muammolarni aniqlash vа tаhlil qilish, ular o‘rtasidagi huquqiy munosabatlarni takomillashtirish bо‘yichа ilmiy аsоslаngаn vа muhim аmаliy аhаmiyаt kаsb еtuvchi tаkliflаr ishlаb chiqish. Mаqоlаdа ushbu sоhаdаgi mаvjud huquqiy bо‘shliqlаrni аniqlаb, ulаrni bаrtаrаf etishning zаmоnаviy, innоvаtsiоn vа xаlqаrо tаjribаgа аsоslаngаn yоndаshuvlаrini ilgаri surаdi.

Penetration testing (or “pen testing”) is a proactive security technique used to evaluate the defenses of computer systems, networks, and applications by simulating attacks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of penetration testing, covering its phases, methodologies, tools, and ethical/legal considerations. We describe key steps such as planning, reconnaissance, exploitation, and reporting, and discuss different approaches (external, internal, blind, etc.). Common tools (e.g. Nmap, Metasploit, Burp Suite) are reviewed. Ethical issues such as obtaining authorization and complying with laws (e.g. avoiding unauthorized access) are highlighted. Practical examples and diagrams illustrate how penetration tests are conducted in real-world scenarios.

This research’s aim is to investigate the challenges and effective methods for teaching research skills in higher education of Afghanistan. It focuses on two main questions: (1) What factors stop students from learning research skills with current teaching methods? (2) What practices, resources, and tools best improve research skills? A mixed-methods approach was used, including surveys of 27 Master’s students, 16 faculty members, and interviews with 4 professors. The results indicated that teacher-centered methods hinder skill development. 53.5% of participants expressed dissatisfaction with those methods. On the other hand, 72.1% believe that interactive methods enhance research skills, although implementation of these methods is difficult. Limited resources and lack of support from institutions are main challenges. This study suggests to its readers that using the student-centered teaching, the usage of technology, and institutional support are essential for improving research education in Afghanistan. This research provides practical recommendations for policymakers and educators. It emphasizes practical learning and faculty development in order to promote critical thinking and research.

Низомиддин Мир Алишер Навоийни кўпинча шоир ва мутафаккир, давлат ва жамоат арбоби сифатида биламиз ва қадрлаймиз. Ҳолбуки, бу беназир шахснинг тафаккур қамрови жуда кенг ҳамда истеъдоди жуда серқирра бўлиб, илм-фаннинг тури соҳаларида ўзига хос қарашлар ва илмий асарлар соҳиби ҳам ҳисобланади.

Mazkur maqolada yengil atletikaning qisqa masofaga yugurish yo‘nalishida sportchilarning ketzorlilik sifatini rivojlantirishda zamonaviy yondashuvlar va innovatsion metodlarning o‘rni yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida 60 m va 100 m masofalarga yuguruvchi yosh sportchilar ishtirokida tajribaviy mashg‘ulotlar o‘tkazilib, ularning ketzorlilik darajasiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar tahlil qilindi. Ketzorlilikni oshirishda yuqori intensivlikdagi interval mashg‘ulotlar, plyometrik usullar va video-tahlil texnologiyalarining samaradorligi amaliy jihatdan asoslab berildi. Tahlillar asosida yosh sportchilar uchun samarali mashg‘ulot dasturi ishlab chiqildi va ilmiy jadvallar orqali ko‘rsatkichlar taqqoslandi.