Ushbu maqolada Atoiy devonida kelgan etnonimlar tahlil etiladi. Devonda uchraydigan etnik nomlar turli xalqlar, qabilalar bilan bog`liq bo`lib, ularning leksik-semantik va badiiy-estetik vazifalari yoritilgan. Shoir ijodida etnonimlarning qo`llanish uslubiyati hamda o`ziga xosliklari ochib beriladi. Etnik birliklarning qo`llashdagi Atoiyning badiiy mahorati yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada jahon tarixida muhim ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan, Jahon tamaddunlari ro'yxatidan o'rin olgan, o'ziga xos sivilizatsiya va madaniyatni yarata olgan qadimgi Yunoniston va Rim davlatlarida mavjud bo'lgan ta'lim tizimi haqida so’z boradi.

This article explores the role of contextualized learning in enhancing communicative competence among senior secondary school students in English language classrooms. Drawing on sociolinguistic and pedagogical theories, the study investigates how real-life contexts and meaningful language use contribute to learners’ ability to communicate effectively. The paper reviews relevant literature, presents classroom-based findings, and discusses practical implications for English language teaching in secondary education.

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of nanotechnology-based medical implants, emphasizing their transformative impact on modern biomedical engineering and clinical practice. The integration of nanomaterials and nanoscale surface modifications into implant design has demonstrated significant improvements in biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and functional longevity, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and reducing postoperative complications. The research systematically reviews current advancements in nanocoatings, nanoscale drug delivery mechanisms, and biomimetic surface engineering, which collectively contribute to enhanced osseointegration and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the study critically addresses existing challenges, including biotoxicity risks, fabrication scalability, and regulatory hurdles that impede widespread clinical adoption. By elucidating the interdisciplinary approaches underpinning the development of nanotechnology-enabled implants, this work highlights the potential to revolutionize therapeutic strategies and implantable device performance.

Ushbu maqolada biofarmatsevtika sohasida yangi avlod dorivor moddalarni yaratishda polimer asosli materiallardan foydalanish asoslari yoritiladi. Polimerlarning farmatsevtik faol moddalar tashuvchisi sifatidagi afzalliklari — ya’ni ularning biokompatibiligi, biodegradatsiyalanuvchanligi, dori moddasining organizmga nazoratli va uzoq muddatli yetkazilishini ta’minlash kabi xususiyatlari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada tabiiy va sintetik polimerlar asosida yaratilgan dorivor tizimlarning sintezi, tarkibi, farmakokinetik xususiyatlari hamda ularning davo samaradorligini oshirishdagi roli muhokama qilinadi. Shuningdek, polimer asosli dori shakllarining hozirgi zamon tibbiyotida qo‘llanilishi, ularni ishlab chiqishdagi dolzarb yo‘nalishlar va muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, nanostrukturalar, mikrokapsulalar, gidrogellar va plyonkalar ko‘rinishidagi polimer bazasidagi dori tashuvchi tizimlar hamda ularning sintezida qo‘llaniladigan kimyoviy va biologik usullar ko‘rib chiqiladi.