Mazkur maqolada yosh velosportchilarning maxsus jismoniy tayyorgarligini takomillashtirishda tezlik va chidamlilik sifatlarini rivojlantirishning samarali mashq tizimlari tahlil qilingan. Velosportda yuqori natijalarga erishish uchun sportchilarning funksional imkoniyatlarini oshirish, aerob va anaerob quvvatini rivojlantirish hamda mashg‘ulot yuklamalarini ilmiy asosda rejalashtirish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Tadqiqot davomida intervalli mashqlar, takroriy usul va uzluksiz yuklama mashqlarining yosh velosportchilar organizmiga ta’siri o‘rganildi. Olingan natijalar tezlik va chidamlilik sifatlarini kompleks rivojlantirishga qaratilgan mashg‘ulotlar sport natijalarining sezilarli yaxshilanishiga xizmat qilishini ko‘rsatdi.

This scientific article discusses the biological significance of enzymes, their functions in living organisms, and their role in metabolic processes. Enzymes are of great importance as biological catalysts that accelerate biochemical reactions occurring in the organism. The article provides detailed information about the structure, properties, classification, mechanism of action, and application of enzymes in medicine, the food industry, and biotechnology. In addition, scientific analyses are presented regarding the role of enzymes in maintaining human health and diseases associated with enzyme deficiency.

The usefulness of code-switching as a teaching strategy in bilingual foreign language instruction is examined in this article. In order to improve comprehension, make difficult topics easier to understand, and foster a positive learning environment, it examines how teachers deliberately switch between the target language and the students' mother tongue. The usage of code-switching by students at primary, secondary, and high school levels is examined in this study. Additionally, it emphasizes the benefits and possible disadvantages of this method for learning a language. According to the research, code-switching can improve overall learning results, lessen anxiety, and increase students' comprehension when applied properly. However, the development of communicative competence in the target language may be hampered by an over-reliance on the original tongue. Therefore, the article recommends a balanced and purposeful use of code-switching in bilingual classrooms.

В статье изучается математическая модель оценки эффективности протокола BB84 в системе квантового распределения ключей. Основное внимание уделено параметрам канала, вероятности регистрации фотона, уровню ошибок и итоговой длине секретного ключа. Для описания процесса использованы выражения, связывающие длину оптического канала, коэффициент затухания, среднее число фотонов, эффективность детектора и вероятность темнового отсчёта. Такой подход позволяет заранее оценить поведение QKD-системы без проведения сложного физического эксперимента. В работе показано, что даже простая модель BB84 даёт полезную картину: рост длины канала снижает вероятность регистрации, а темновые отсчёты заметно влияют на качество ключа. Модель может использоваться в учебных и предварительных инженерных расчётах.

Listening comprehension occupies a central position in foreign language learning and serves as a foundation for the development of communicative competence. In English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, listening is often considered one of the most challenging skills because learners must process spoken language in real time while simultaneously interpreting meaning, context, and speaker intention. Effective listening comprehension involves a complex interaction of cognitive, linguistic, and contextual factors. This article explores the nature of listening comprehension in EFL, examines its theoretical foundations, discusses the major factors influencing listening performance, and highlights its significance in language acquisition. The study emphasizes the importance of adopting appropriate instructional strategies to improve learners’ listening abilities and overall language proficiency.