This article explores the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of kidney failure. It highlights the key roles of hemodynamic changes, cellular injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances in the progression of renal dysfunction. The chronic activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its contribution to fibrosis and nephron loss are discussed in detail. The article also examines how inflammatory processes and oxidative damage exacerbate kidney tissue injury, while hormonal disturbances contribute to systemic complications such as anemia and mineral imbalance. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early detection and targeted treatment strategies to slow disease progression and improve patient outcomes. The review concludes with a discussion on future research directions aimed at developing novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic approaches for kidney failure.

Hozirgi vaqtda polimer chiqindilar ko’payib atrof muhitga katta zarar keltiryapti. Shuning uchun ularni kamaytirish ularning o’rniga tabiiy polimerlar olish dolzarb hisoblanadi. Bunday tabiiy polimerlar turli xil agressiv muhitda parchalanib ketadi. Bunday bioparchalanuvchi polimerlar an’anaviy polimerlarga qaraganda ancha qimmatroqdir. Arzonroq bioparchalanuvchi polimerlar olish uchun polimer kompozitlardan foydalanish bilan bog’liq bo’ladi.

Ushbu maqolada XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida O‘rta Osiyoda yuzaga kelgan jadidchilik harakatining mazmun-mohiyati, tarixiy bosqichlari, asosiy g‘oyalari hamda bugungi kunda bu harakat merosining O‘zbekiston jamiyatidagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Jadidchilik harakatining asoschilari tomonidan ilgari surilgan ma’rifiy, ijtimoiy va siyosiy g‘oyalarning zamonaviy ta’lim tizimi, gender tengligi, milliy o‘zlikni anglash va fuqarolik jamiyati qurilishiga ta’siri yoritilgan. Shuningdek, jadid matbuoti, teatr va adabiy merosining yosh avlod tarbiyasidagi roli, bugungi islohotlar bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi chuqur o‘rganilgan. Maqolada tarixiy va zamonaviy qarashlar uyg‘unligi orqali jadidchilik harakatining dolzarbligi va bugungi kundagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda tahlil etiladi.

Agar kishi biror bir og‘ir ishni bajarayotgan bo‘lsa, u birmuncha vaqtdan so‘ng bu ishni bajarish tobora qiynlashib borayotganini sezadi. Chetdan qaraganda bu kishining holati ancha o‘zgarganligini ko‘rish mumkin. Bu o‘zgarishni mimika muskullari kuchlanishida, ter paydo bo‘lishida kurish mumkin.ayni vaqtda uning organizmida bimruncha jiddiy fiziologik o‘zgarishlar ham ro‘y beradi. Qiyinchiliklar ko‘payib borishiga karamsdan, kishi iroda kuchi hisobiga dastlabki ish shiddati birmuncha vaqt saqlab turishi mumkin.

Surxon vohasida esa Sherobod, Denov, Boysun, Sarijo’y va Yurchi kabi bekliklar bo’lgan va bular turli davrlarda tashkil etilib yugatilib turilgan. Ushbu maqolada esa Surxon vohasining shimoliy qismida joylashgan bekliklarni tadqiq qilamiz.