Bullying remains a significant issue in high schools, manifesting in two primary forms: face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying. While both types of bullying aim to harm, intimidate, or manipulate victims, they differ in methods, impact, and accessibility. Face-to-face bullying involves direct physical or verbal aggression in school settings, often leading to immediate emotional and physical distress. In contrast, cyberbullying utilizes digital platforms such as social media, messaging apps, and online forums, enabling perpetrators to remain anonymous and extend harassment beyond school hours. Cyberbullying's persistent nature and the difficulty of escaping its reach can intensify psychological effects on victims. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted prevention and intervention strategies to create safer school environments.

This paper explores Jane Austen’s literary representation of social values and class as fundamental elements of early 19th-century English identity. Through her novels Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, and Emma, Austen offers a subtle yet profound commentary on the moral, social, and gender-based expectations that shaped Englishness in her time. Austen critiques patriarchal inheritance laws, class hierarchy, and the constraints placed on women, while also presenting a vision of virtue rooted in emotional intelligence and ethical conduct. By analyzing the contrast between characters, this study highlights Austen’s nuanced engagement with class dynamics, intellectual independence, and moral development. Drawing on scholarly perspectives, the paper argues that Austen’s work challenges social conventions while still operating within their bounds, reflecting a complex and evolving vision of English society.

Медицинские веб-сайты и их использование постоянно развиваются, и, естественно, в связи с этим возникают некоторые проблемы. На качество веб-сайтов здравоохранения, представляющих собой визуальную структуру, влияют различные факторы.

Ushbu maqolada badiiy asarlarda uchraydigan tabiat tasvirlarining xorijiy tillarga tarjima qilinishida yuzaga keladigan lingvistik, madaniy va uslubiy muammollar tahlil qilinadi. Muallif Abdulla Qodiriy, Cho‘lpon, J. Steinbeck kabi yozuvchilarning asarlaridagi tabiat obrazlarini komparativ, semiotik va korpus lingvistik usullari yordamida solishtiradi. Tadqiqot natijalarida ekzotik atamalar (masalan, "qumqo‘g‘on"), grammatik tuzilmalar va madaniy konnotatsiyalar (yomg‘ir, qor kabi tushunchalarning turli madaniyatlarda talqini) kabi murakkab masalalar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada ushbu muammolarni bartaraf etish uchun transliteratsiya, izohli tarjima va madaniy ekvivalentlardan foydalanish kabi amaliy strategiyalar taklif etiladi. Tadqiqot tarjima nazariyasi, madaniyatlararo muloqot va adabiyotshunoslik sohalariga qiziqadigan mutaxassislar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang'ich ta'limda estetik madaniyatni rivojlantirishning pedagogik tamoyillari va uslubiy yondashuvlari tahlil qilingan. Bugungi kunda o'quvchilarning estetik dunyoqarashini shakllantirish, ularning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini o'stirish va go'zallikni anglash ko'nikmalarini tarbiyalash dolzarb ahamiyatga ega. Maqolada estetik tarbiyaning ilmiy-nazariy asoslari, boshlang'ich ta'limda estetik madaniyatni rivojlantirishning asosiy tamoyillari va zamonaviy metodlari ko'rib chiqilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari boshlang'ich sinf o'qituvchilariga o'quvchilarning estetik madaniyatini samarali rivojlantirish uchun ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar shaklida taqdim etilgan.