Motivation is a person's motivation to achieve a goal through internal and external factors. This is a process that gives energy and strength to a person to achieve his desires, needs and goals.

The reflection of human relationships in his consciousness in the form of feelings, emotional states, high internal experiences creates emotions. The concept of emotion is used in everyday life. In scientific sources, this state is described by such terms as sensations, unconscious desires, demands, goals.

Bul tezisde erkinlik hám erksizlik túsinikleriniń insan minez-qulqına tásiri analiz etiledi. Erktiń buzılıwı processleri hám olardıń shaxs psixologiyasi hám de social qatnaslarǵa kórsetetuǵın tásiri tolıq kórip shıǵıladı. Sonıń menen birge, erksizliktiń hár qıylı kórinisleri hám sebeplerin anıqlaw arqalı onıń aqıbetleri yoritiladi. Usı maqala, tiykarlanıp, jámiyette saw ortalıqtı qáliplestiriw hám erkinlik qádiriyatların targ'ib qılıwda járdem beriwi múmkin.

This article presents some considerations on the pronunciation and spelling of new loanwords. The correspondence and inconsistencies between the spelling and pronunciation of loanwords are analyzed. Also, recommendations are given on determining the correct pronunciation and spelling of loanwords.

In this scientific article, a comparative analysis of the concepts of ethnicity and nation is carried out. First, the historical, cultural and political aspects of the concepts of ethnicity and nation are deeply studied in the article. the differences and similarities between these are analyzed, the social importance, role in society, and specific characteristics of each are highlighted.