Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the effectiveness of standard anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), limitations such as drug resistance, long treatment duration, toxicity, and poor patient compliance necessitate alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Herbal medicine, a cornerstone of traditional medicine systems, has emerged as a promising adjunct in TB management. This review explores the pharmacological potential of medicinal plants with antimycobacterial, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Key herbs, their active constituents, and mechanisms of action are discussed. Integration of herbal medicine in TB treatment may enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce adverse effects, and improve patient outcomes, though more clinical trials are required to validate efficacy and safety.

Bul maqalada K.Raxmanovtıń dramalıq shıǵarmasında qollanılǵan frazeologiyalıq ótlesiwler haqqında sóz etiledi.

Mazkur maqolada oʻzbek tiliga soʻnggi yillarda kirib kelgan oʻzlashma soʻzlarning ma'nosi, ularning oʻzbek tilida qay tarzda ishlatilishi hamda milliy imlo qoidalariga moslashtirish jarayoni tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, oʻzlashma soʻzlarning lugʻatlarga kiritilishi uchun zarur boʻlgan mezonlar va ular bilan bogʻliq muammolar yoritiladi, yangi oʻzlashmalarni tilimizga moslashtirishda taklif va tavsiyalar ham beriladi.

В статье рассматривается проблема формирования межкультурной компетенции учащихся в процессе изучения французского языка. Раскрываются теоретические основы понятия межкультурной компетенции, её структура и значение в современном образовании. Особое внимание уделяется возможностям французского языка как средства развития межкультурного понимания. Приведены практические методы и приёмы работы на уроках, направленные на развитие у школьников способности к эффективному взаимодействию с представителями других культур.

Antibiotic resistance in pneumonia is an escalating global health concern that undermines the effectiveness of current treatments and increases morbidity and mortality rates. This paper reviews the key mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics, including enzymatic drug degradation, target site modification, and efflux pumps. The impact of resistant pathogens on clinical outcomes, treatment strategies, and healthcare systems is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of antibiotic stewardship programs, vaccination, and rapid diagnostic techniques in managing resistant infections. The review also highlights ongoing research into novel therapeutics and the need for coordinated global efforts to mitigate antibiotic resistance. Effective management of antibiotic resistance in pneumonia is critical for improving patient outcomes and safeguarding public health.