O‘zbekistonda sport sohasining rivojlanishi, uning iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy ahamiyati oshishi bilan birga, sport menejmenti tizimini takomillashtirish zarurati tobora ortib bormoqda. Sport menejmenti nafaqat sport tashkilotlarining samarali ishlashini ta’minlash, balki sportning ommalashuvi, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish va yoshlarni sportga jalb qilishda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Bugungi kunda O‘zbekistonda sport menejmenti tizimi hali shakllanmagan bo‘lib, bir qator muammolarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda sport menejmentini rivojlantirishning muhim jihatlari va mavjud muammolarni hal qilish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi.

Ушбу мақолада Ўзбекистонда спорт маркетинги ва менежменти соҳасининг ҳозирги ҳолати таҳлил қилинган, мавжуд муаммолар аниқланган ва ривожлантиришга оид аниқ таклифлар берилган. Жаҳон тажрибаси асосида маҳаллий шарт-шароитларга мос келувчи моделлар таклиф этилган.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of research conducted on the activities of schools and madrasas in the Kokand Khanate. It explores the types of educational institutions, the methods used to teach students, and the organizational aspects of classes. The work also reflects on historical accounts, foreign and local researchers' contributions, and the impact of traditional Islamic education on society in the region.

In recent decades, the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, in children has been rising at an alarming rate. One of the key contributors to this trend is climate change, which has altered environmental conditions, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of allergens such as pollen, mold, and air pollutants. This paper examines the dynamics of the increasing incidence of allergic respiratory diseases in children under the conditions of climate change. It explores the key environmental factors-such as rising temperatures, longer pollen seasons, and worsening air quality-that contribute to this growing health concern. The paper also delves into the vulnerability of children, whose developing immune and respiratory systems make them more susceptible to environmental stressors. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of preventive measures, including environmental regulation, early detection, allergen avoidance strategies, and public health policies aimed at reducing exposure to harmful environmental factors.

Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with congenital hydrocephalus, posing unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to explore the specific features of pneumonia progression in children born with hydrocephalus, focusing on the interplay between neurological impairments and respiratory vulnerability. Hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, can lead to various neurological deficits, which in turn increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections, including pneumonia. The study employs a retrospective analysis of clinical data from pediatric patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus who were also treated for pneumonia. Data were collected on the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, and outcomes of pneumonia in these patients. Key findings revealed that children with hydrocephalus often present with atypical pneumonia symptoms, including lethargy, irritability, and feeding difficulties, which complicates early diagnosis. Furthermore, respiratory defense mechanisms in these children are compromised due to poor neuromuscular control and swallowing dysfunction, leading to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia.