Ushbu maqolada azot to'plovchi bakteriya shtammlarining soya (Glycine max L.) o'simligi bilan simbiotik munosabatlari tadqiq etilgan. Turli bakterial shtammlarning soya o'simligida azot fiksatsiyasi samaradorligi, simbiotik munosabatlar shakllanish mexanizmlari, atrof-muhit omillarining ta'siri, shuningdek, biotexnologik yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra, samarali simbiotik munosabatlar hosildorlikni 20-30% ga oshirishi, tuproq unumdorligini yaxshilashi va mineral o'g'itlar sarfini kamaytirishi aniqlangan.

In this article, you can get theoretical information about the means of forming the interrogative content. Simple sentences with interrogative content include pure interrogative sentences and rhetorical interrogative sentences among linguistic means. In particular, interrogative sentences with interrogative pronouns are considered as a means of reference. Interrogative pronouns, using questions such as who, what, how, which, how many, how much, when, are used to refer to relationships such as person, thing, object, sign-property, time, quantity-degree. Sentences with interrogative pronouns. The article analyzes theoretical information about interrogative sentences and shows the features of the means of forming the content of interrogative sentences based on examples.

The determination of metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in various samples is crucial for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and biomedical applications. This study explores the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, a rapid and reliable technique based on the absorption of light by metal-ligand complexes. Optimal conditions for the detection, including wavelength selection, reagent concentration, and pH, were investigated to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Calibration curves were constructed to determine the linearity and detection limits for each ion. The method was applied to real samples, and results were validated against standard techniques. The findings demonstrate that UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ determination in various matrices.

Ma'lumki, nikohga va yaqin qarindoshlikka asoslangan axloqiy mas'uliyat, o’zaro qurmat, tushunish va mehr-muhabbat umumiyligi bilan bog`langan kichik ijtimoiy guruh oila deyiladi. Oila boshqa turdagi kichik guruhlardan o’zining bir qator jihatlari bilan ajralib turadi: birinchidan, oila ko’p muddatga, ya'ni bir necha o’n yillar va ko’p yillarga mavjud bo’ladi; ikkinchidan, oilada shaxslararo munosabatlarning bir necha turlari amalga oshadi, ya'ni milliy mafkuramizga oid ilk tushunchalar avvalo oila muhitida singadi va bu jarayon bobolar o’giti, ota ibrati, ona mehri orqali amalga oshadi. Bunda oilaviy munosabatlarda tarbiyaviy, psixologik, xissiy, moliyaviy, jinsiy va boshqa vazifalarning amalga oshirilishi kuzatiladi;

Ushbu maqolada Tohir Malikning “Odamiylik mulki” asarida keltirilgan insoniylik, axloqiy qadriyatlar, tarbiyaning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni, ahamiyati, milliy odob – axloq masalalari talqini haqida so‘z yuritildi.