This article comprehensively examines the critical role of communicative competence in shaping the professional identity of future English language teachers. It underscores the necessity of integrating intercultural communication skills with linguistic proficiency to prepare teachers for increasingly multicultural classrooms. Through a mixed-methods research design involving surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, this study identifies prevailing challenges faced by trainee teachers in acquiring effective communication culture. Furthermore, it proposes innovative pedagogical strategies that emphasize experiential learning, cultural sensitivity, and learner autonomy. The findings contribute to curriculum development discussions and highlight the need for systemic changes in teacher education programs.

Мазкур мақолада Ўзбекистонда маъмурий (оммавий) судлар тизимининг шаклланиши, ҳуқуқий асослари ва суд тизимидаги ўрни таҳлил қилинган. Шунингдек, Германия, Франция, АҚШ ва Япония каби ривожланган мамлакатларда маъмурий адолатни таъминлаш моделлари ўрганилиб, улар билан Ўзбекистон тажрибаси қиёсий таҳлил қилинган. Тадқиқот натижасида маъмурий судларнинг институционал тузилиши, юрисдикцияси ва фаолият самарадорлиги борасида умумий ва фарқли жиҳатлар аниқланди. Мақолада маъмурий судлар фаолиятини такомиллаштириш бўйича амалий тавсиялар ҳам ишлаб чиқилди.

This article explores the effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in improving English vocabulary acquisition among primary school students. The research focuses on various interactive strategies, such as games, role-plays, digital tools, and collaborative learning techniques, which engage learners in the vocabulary learning process. Findings from classroom observations and teacher interviews suggest that these methods significantly enhance students’ motivation, retention, and practical usage of new vocabulary. The article concludes with recommendations for English language teachers on incorporating interactive activities into their daily lesson plans to ensure more effective vocabulary instruction.

Maqalada inglis hám qaraqalpaq tillerinde “mákán” konceptiniń semantikalıq ózgeshelikleri analizlenedi. “Mákán” koncepti insannıń dúnya haqqındaǵı kóz-qarasın qáliplestiriwshi eki tiykarǵı konceptiń biri bolıp, til hám mádeniyatta oraylıq orındı iyeleydi.

Ushbu maqolada So‘fi Olloyorning “Sabotul ojizin” asarida uchraydigan ilmiy atamalar tahlil etilgan. Asar o‘z davrining diniy, falsafiy va tibbiy bilimlarini yoritishda muhim manba bo‘lib xizmat qilgan. Ilmiy terminlarning ishlatilish shakli, ularning o‘rni va mazmuni maqola asosida o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, So‘fi Olloyorning “Sabotul ojizin” asarida qo‘llanilgan ilmiy atamalar morfologik (so‘z yasash va tuzilish) hamda semantik (ma’no) jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Asarda uchraydigan arabcha va forscha kelib chiqishga ega bo‘lgan ilmiy tushunchalar o‘zbek tilidagi ishlatilish shakllari bilan solishtirilib, ularning lug‘aviy va uslubiy qiymati aniqlanadi. Atamalar diniy-ilmiy, falsafiy va axloqiy ma’nolarni o‘zida mujassam etgan bo‘lib, ularning asardagi kontekstda tutgan o‘rni va u orqali berilgan tushunchaning semantik yuklamasi yoritiladi.