The teaching of phraseological units in English, including idioms, collocations, and fixed expressions, presents unique challenges for language learners. Traditional methods often emphasize rote memorization, which may not effectively facilitate understanding or retention. This article explores the implementation of a learner-centered approach (LCA) in teaching English phraseological units, highlighting strategies that promote active engagement, contextual learning, and personalization. By examining theoretical frameworks and practical applications, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of LCA in enhancing learners' comprehension and use of phraseological units.

Mazkur maqolada fanlar integratsiyasi asosida bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyasini rivojlantirish masalalari yoritilgan. Bugungi kunda ta’lim jarayonida fanlararo integratsiya yondashuvi o‘qituvchilardan keng bilim doirasi, tizimli fikrlash va innovatsion metodlardan foydalanishni talab etadi. Shu nuqtai nazardan, maqolada fanlar integratsiyasi tushunchasi, uning asosiy tamoyillari va afzalliklari tahlil qilinadi. Bo‘lajak o‘qituvchilarning kasbiy kompetensiyalarini shakllantirishda integrativ yondashuvning ahamiyati, metodik imkoniyatlari va samarali amalga oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada fanlar integratsiyasi vositasida o‘qituvchilarda pedagogik, metodik, kommunikativ va refleksiv kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirishning amaliy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari integratsion yondashuv orqali zamonaviy ta’lim talablariga javob bera oladigan raqobatbardosh pedagog kadrlarni tayyorlash imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishini ko‘rsatadi.

Maqolada tadbirkorlik va biznesni rivojlantirish choralari haqida aytib o‘tilgan. Bunda tadbirkorlik qanday boshlanadi. Tadbirkorlik – o‘z mulki bilan tavakkalchilik asosida daromad (foyda) olishga qaratilgan tashabbuskor faoliyat ekanligi tushuntirib o‘tiladi.

Menopause is a critical transitional phase in a woman’s life characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the end of menstruation. It is often accompanied by a range of physical, emotional, and metabolic symptoms that vary in intensity and duration. Recent research indicates that vitamin D plays a significant role not only in bone metabolism but also in the modulation of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the menopausal course in women diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and determine how hypovitaminosis D influences the severity of menopausal manifestations. The study revealed a notable correlation between low serum levels of vitamin D and the severity of vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain. This research underlines the importance of monitoring and correcting vitamin D levels in peri- and postmenopausal women to reduce symptom burden and improve overall quality of life. The menopausal period represents a pivotal phase in the physiological aging process of women, characterized by profound hormonal, psychological, and metabolic transitions. Beyond the well-documented decline in estrogen levels, micronutrient imbalances—particularly vitamin D deficiency—have emerged as critical modifiers of menopausal health outcomes. This study explores the intricate interplay between hypovitaminosis D and the clinical progression of menopause, focusing on symptom intensity, systemic complications, and quality of life implications. The investigation, conducted on a representative cohort of postmenopausal women, revealed a significant amplification of menopausal discomfort in individuals with deficient serum vitamin D levels. Notably, manifestations such as thermal dysregulation, cognitive disturbances, emotional instability, and skeletal complaints were disproportionately prevalent in this subgroup. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in vitamin D optimization to mitigate the climacteric burden and promote healthier aging trajectories among menopausal populations.

Qalqonsimon bez xiqildoq qalqonsimon tog’ayi ustida, bo’yinning oldingi yuzasida joylashgan. Qalqonsimon bez bo’yincha bilan birikkan 2 bo’lakdan iborat. Massasi taxminan 30 gr keladi. Qalqonsimon bez tiroksin gormoni ishlab chiqaradi. Tiroksin tarkibiga yod kirib, u qalqonsimon bezga tashqaridan (bu yerga qon oqimi bilan keltiriladi), oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari va ichimlik suvdan tushadi. Qalqonsimon bez moddalar almashinuviga ta’sir qiladi: normaga nisbatan ko’p miqdorda tiroksin ishlab chiqarilishi modda almashinuvining normal bo’lmagan oshib ketishiga olib keladi. Qalqonsimon bez funksiyasi pasayib ketganda va bu gormon yetarlicha ishlanmaganda, aksincha, moddalar almashinuvi pasayadi.