Malabsorption syndrome is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. The disorder may arise from congenital enzyme deficiencies, chronic inflammatory diseases, pancreatic and hepatobiliary dysfunction, infectious agents, or structural intestinal abnormalities. Pathomorphological changes, such as villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammatory infiltration of the mucosa, are central to its development and progression. Clinically, malabsorption presents with both gastrointestinal symptoms, including chronic diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and steatorrhea, as well as systemic manifestations such as anemia, bone demineralization, growth retardation, and neurological deficits. Diagnosis requires an integrated approach, combining biochemical, radiological, endoscopic, and histopathological evaluations.

Ushbu maqolada rivojlangan davlatlar moliyaviy nazorati tizimining shakllanishi, tashkiliy-huquqiy asoslari va samarali faoliyat yuritish mexanizmlari tahlil qilingan. Xususan, AQSh, Germaniya, Buyuk Britaniya va Yaponiya misolida davlat moliyaviy nazoratining institutsional modeli, mustaqil audit organlarining vakolatlari hamda parlament oldida hisobdorlik tizimi o‘rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, rivojlangan mamlakatlarda moliyaviy nazorat tizimining asosiy ustunliklari shaffoflik, mustaqillik va jamoatchilik ishtirokiga asoslangan. Ushbu tajribalar O‘zbekiston moliyaviy nazorat tizimini modernizatsiya qilishda, xususan, davlat byudjeti ustidan parlament va jamoatchilik nazoratini kuchaytirishda, xalqaro standartlarni keng tatbiq etishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Termiz V–VII asrlarda. Shahar joylashgan o’rni va tuzilishi haqida Xitoy manbalari. Termiz arablar istilosi davrida. Chag’oniyon (Sag’oniyon-Budrach). Somoniy­lar davrida Termiz, rejalashtirish, asosiy qurilishlar. Arab mualliflari ma’lumotlari. Termiz G’aznaviylar, Qoraxoniylar va Saljuqiylar davrida. Shahar tuzilishi va uning mavzelari, zamonaviy yirik shaharga aylanishi. Termiz mo’g’ullar istilosidan so’ng, shahar hududining o’zgarishi. Temuriylar davri tarixiy manbalarida Termiz shahri, uning vazifasi va qurilishi tarixi. Termiz so’nggi o’rta asrlar davrida.

В статье рассматривается институт президентской неприкосновенности как важный элемент конституционно-правового статуса главы государства. Проведен сравнительно-правовой анализ законодательства и конституционной практики различных стран, включая Узбекистан, Россию, США, Южную Корею, Турцию и другие государства. Особое внимание уделено различию между абсолютной и относительной формами неприкосновенности, а также рискам превращения иммунитета в инструмент безнаказанности. Автор делает вывод о необходимости правового баланса между защитой должностного лица и обеспечением принципа верховенства закона. Работа основана на нормативных источниках, решениях конституционных судов и научной литературе, с применением сравнительно-правового, институционального и историко-правового методов.

This article explores the intersection between technology and agriculture emphasizing how advancements in robotics, automation, IoT, and artificial intelligence are changing how food is produced and consumed. It investigates how ag-tech companies, like Heirloom Garden, might advance precision farming and sustainable practices. The desire for organic products, especially from younger generations, is discussed in relation to sustainability and health-conscious living. A comprehensive approach to welfare and environmental stewardship is reinforced by post-pandemic tendencies toward immunity, nutrition, and traceable food sources, which highlight the potential of technology-enabled solutions to make fresh, organic produce accessible in urban environments.