The relationship between a speaker’s native language (L1) and their pronunciation in a second language (L2) has long been recognized as a critical area of study within second language acquisition. Pronunciation is not merely about producing sounds correctly; it encompasses various phonological elements such as stress, rhythm, intonation, and syllable structure — all of which are deeply shaped by the learner's first language. This paper aims to explore the extent to which L1 interferes with or supports the acquisition of accurate L2 pronunciation. It investigates both segmental (individual sounds) and suprasegmental (prosodic features) aspects of speech, presenting evidence from various language groups to illustrate common patterns of transfer. Moreover, the study discusses how phonological habits from the native language often lead to a foreign accent and reduced intelligibility in the second language, even among otherwise proficient speakers. Emphasis is placed on practical strategies and pedagogical approaches that can be used to address L1-induced difficulties, such as contrastive analysis, phonetic training, and the use of technological tools for self-monitoring and feedback. The paper concludes that although native language influence is a natural and often unavoidable aspect of second language learning, its impact on pronunciation can be significantly minimized through targeted instruction and increased learner awareness.

Suyaklar — odam va umurtqali hayvonlar skeletining asosiy qismi. Suyak toʻqimasi biriktiruvchi toʻqimaning bir xili. Suyak boʻgʻimlar, boylamlar, muskullar va oʻziga birikkan paylar bilan birga tayanchharakat apparatini hosil qiladi. Suyak hujayralar (osteotsitlar, osteoklastlar) va hujayralar oraligʻi mineral moddalardan tarkib topgan. Suyak embrional rivojlanish davrida biriktiruvchi toʻqima — mezenximadan hosil boʻladi. Birlamchi suyak ichki togʻay skeletning suyaklanishidan (yelka, son va boshqalar), ikkilamchi suyak teri osti tangachalaridan (peshona, tepa va boshqa suyaklar) vujudga keladi.

Ushbu maqolada hind xalqi og‘zaki va yozma adabiyoti javohirlaridan biri bo‘lmish “Kalila va Dimna” turkiy qo‘lyozmalarining o‘ziga xos bo‘lgan jihatlari va uning mazmuniy qurilishi tаdqiq etilgаn.

Mazkur maqolada “O‘zbekistonning eng yangi tarixi” fanini o‘qitish jarayonida o‘quvchilarda ijtimoiy kompetensiyani shakllantirishning asosiy yo‘nalishlari yoritilgan. Maqolada ijtimoiy kompetensiya tushunchasining mazmun-mohiyatini sharhlab, uni tarixiy ong, fuqarolik pozitsiyasi va madaniy merosga munosabat orqali shakllantirish usullarini ko‘rsatib beradi. Shuningdek, dars jarayonlarida interaktiv metodlardan foydalanish, tarixiy voqealarga tanqidiy yondashuvni rivojlantirish va zamonaviy o‘quv materiallaridan foydalanish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada raqamli texnologiyalar yordamida talabalarning kreativ tafakkurini rivojlantirish masalasi yoritilgan. Bugungi kunda taʼlim jarayoniga raqamli vositalarning keng joriy etilishi talabalarda mustaqil fikrlash, muammoni tahlil qilish, yangi gʻoyalarni ilgari surish va ijodiy yondashuv kabi ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishda muhim omil hisoblanadi. Maqolada raqamli taʼlim platformalari, sunʼiy intellekt asosidagi dasturlar, virtual haqiqat va boshqa interaktiv texnologiyalarning kreativ tafakkurga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, raqamli texnologiyalardan samarali foydalanish orqali talabalarning innovatsion salohiyatini oshirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqiladi.