Статья посвящена анализу лексических заимствований в русском языке, с особым акцентом на влияние английского и других иностранных языков. Рассматриваются исторические этапы заимствования, современные тенденции и процессы адаптации заимствованных слов. Особое внимание уделено проблемам чрезмерного заимствования и их влиянию на языковую идентичность. Цель статьи — осветить баланс между необходимостью заимствований и сохранением языковой самобытности.

Ushbu maqolada kichik maktab yosh xususiyatlari, ularning psixologiyasi, bilish jarayonlari, irodaviy sifatlari, shaxslararo munosabati va muloqotchanligi, o’qish faoliyati kabi asosiy jihatlari hamda farzand tarbiyasi haqida aytib òtilgan fikrlar bilan ham tanishib chiqishingiz mumkin.

This work studies the similarities and differences between the grammar of English and Uzbek in a comparative manner. Particular attention is paid to the word classes, sentence structure, tense system, word order, and verb forms of both languages. The analytical structure of English and the agglutinative features of Uzbek are analyzed by comparison using examples. Grammatical problems encountered in the translation process and ways to overcome them are also considered. This work may be useful for language learners, translators, and linguists.

Voleybol o‘yini, jamoaviy sport bo‘lib, unda o‘yinchilarning to‘pni uzatish va qabul qilish harakatlari o‘yinning muvaffaqiyatli o‘tishini belgilovchi asosiy omillardir. Ushbu maqolada voleybol maydonidagi to‘pni uzatish va qabul qilish harakatlarining ahamiyati, ularning turli usullari va ularning o‘yin natijasiga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. To‘pni uzatish va qabul qilish jarayonlari, o‘yinchilarning texnik mahoratiga, hamda jamoaviy o‘yin strategiyasiga asoslanadi. Maqola o‘yinchilarning to‘pni uzatish va qabul qilishni qanday to‘g‘ri amalga oshirishlari va bu jarayonning o‘yindagi umumiy muvaffaqiyatga ta’siri haqida tahlil olib boradi.

False testimony is considered one of the significant challenges in the judicial system of Afghanistan, having widespread negative impacts on the implementation of justice. This article explores the concept, elements, and penalties for false testimony in Hanafi jurisprudence and the Afghanistan’s Penal Code. According to findings, in Hanafi jurisprudence, false testimony is regarded as a major sin, with penalties such as public humiliation, flogging, and imprisonment prescribed for it. In the Afghanistan criminal justice system, false testimony is also defined as a crime with punishments such as imprisonment, fines, and the imposition of penalties on the false witness based on its impact on the proceedings. The aim of this research is to clarify and examine the crime of false testimony in the Afghanistan’s criminal justice system and to seek answers regarding what constitutes false testimony within this system. The research method employed in this article is fundamental, with information gathered using a descriptive-analytical approach and through library research. The results indicate that Afghan legislators largely follow the views of Imam Abu Yusuf and Muhammad, students of Imam Abu Hanifa, and have attempted to prevent the proliferation of this phenomenon through legal measures. The similarities of this crime in Hanafi jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s criminal law include legal and jurisprudential foundations, attention to the effects of false testimony, penalties for false testimony, and the nature of the crime of false testimony. The differences include the legal approach versus the jurisprudential approach, occurrence only in court sessions versus occurrence in court sessions and before judicial officers, differences in the severity of penalties, civil and criminal liability, and how to deal with false testimony after a verdict is issued.