Mazkur maqolada yosh bolalarning psixologik tarbiyasi va uning inson hayotidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Bolaning psixik rivojlanishi, shaxs sifatida shakllanishi, atrof-muhitga moslashuvi, o‘zini anglash va boshqalar bilan munosabat o‘rnatish qobiliyati, aynan go‘daklik va erta yoshdagi tarbiya jarayoniga chambarchas bog‘liqdir. Maqolada oiladagi muhit, ota-ona va tarbiyachilarning roli, mehr-muhabbat, tushunish va emotsional qo‘llab-quvvatlash kabi psixologik omillar yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, bolaning xarakteriga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan omillar, masalan, befarqlik, jazolash, e’tiborsizlik kabi holatlar haqida ham so‘z yuritiladi. Muallif psixologik tarbiyaning sog‘lom jamiyat shakllanishidagi o‘rni va dolzarbligini asoslab beradi hamda amaliy tavsiyalarni taqdim etadi. Ushbu maqola o‘qituvchilar, tarbiyachilar, psixologlar hamda ota-onalar uchun foydali qo‘llanma bo‘la oladi.

O‘zbek xalqining qadimiy tarixida ayol timsoli har doim muqaddas sanalgan. Ayniqsa, “ona” so‘zi nafaqat biologik ma’noda, balki xalqning ruhiy-ma’naviy hayotida, madaniy merosida yuksak martabaga ega bo‘lgan. Shu jumladan, “Xumay ona” timsoli xalq og‘zaki ijodi, afsona, doston va tarixiy manbalarda o‘ziga xos o‘rin egallaydi. Bu timsolning ildizlari turkiy xalqlarning qadimiy dunyoqarashiga, mifologiyasiga va ruhiy qadriyatlariga borib taqaladi. “Xumay ona” obrazi orqali xalqimizning ayolga, onaga bo‘lgan munosabati, himoya, mehr-oqibat va sabr-toqat timsoli sifatidagi qarashlarini ko‘rish mumkin. Mazkur maqolada Xumay ona timsolining kelib chiqish manbalari, u bilan bog‘liq afsona va rivoyatlar, adabiy asarlarda qanday talqin etilgani hamda u orqali xalq ma’naviyatida shakllangan qadriyatlar yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarning tarix ta’limida tutgan o‘rni, ularning ta’lim jarayoniga ta’siri, afzalliklari va qo‘llanilish turlari ilmiy-nazariy asosda tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, interaktiv metodlar, onlayn platformalar va raqamli resurslardan foydalanishning samaradorligi yoritilgan. XXI asrda insoniyat taraqqiyotining ajralmas qismiga aylangan raqamli texnologiyalar deyarli barcha sohalarda keng qo‘llanilmoqda. Ta’lim tizimi ham bundan mustasno emas. Ayniqsa, ijtimoiy fanlar qatorida muhim o‘rin tutadigan tarix fani o‘quvchilarda tanqidiy fikrlash, tahlil qilish va saboq chiqarish ko‘nikmalarini shakllantiradi. Shu nuqtayi nazardan, raqamli texnologiyalarning tarix darslariga integratsiyasi bu fanning o‘zlashtirilishini yengillashtiradi, uni ko‘proq hayotiy va jonli qiladi.

Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children with congenital hydrocephalus, posing unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to explore the specific features of pneumonia progression in children born with hydrocephalus, focusing on the interplay between neurological impairments and respiratory vulnerability. Hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, can lead to various neurological deficits, which in turn increase the susceptibility to respiratory infections, including pneumonia. The study employs a retrospective analysis of clinical data from pediatric patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus who were also treated for pneumonia. Data were collected on the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, and outcomes of pneumonia in these patients. Key findings revealed that children with hydrocephalus often present with atypical pneumonia symptoms, including lethargy, irritability, and feeding difficulties, which complicates early diagnosis. Furthermore, respiratory defense mechanisms in these children are compromised due to poor neuromuscular control and swallowing dysfunction, leading to an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia.

Maqolada pedagog shaxsida kasbiy qoniqqanlikni shakllantiruvchi psixologik, ijtimoiy va tashkiliy omillar keng qamrovda tahlil qilingan. Ichki motivatsiya, self-efficacy, emotsional barqarorlik hamda tashqi omillar – mehnat sharoitlari, jamiyatning munosabati, boshqaruv muhitining roli chuqur yoritilgan. Empirik tadqiqotlar asosida kasbiy qoniqqanlik darajasiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar aniqlangan va ularni yaxshilash bo‘yicha amaliy takliflar berilgan.