Maqolada dinning Eron Islom Respublikasining tashqi siyosat strategiyalarida asosiy omil sifatidagi roli ko‘rib chiqiladi, din uning tashqi aloqalarini shakllantirishda asosiy vosita sifatida qanday ishlashi tahlil qilinadi. U Eronning geosiyosiy manfaatlarini, xususan, uning inqilobiy ta’limoti doirasida ta’minlash uchun diniy tamoyillardan foydalanishning mafkuraviy va amaliy mexanizmlarini o‘rganadi.

This research’s aim is to investigate the challenges and effective methods for teaching research skills in higher education of Afghanistan. It focuses on two main questions: (1) What factors stop students from learning research skills with current teaching methods? (2) What practices, resources, and tools best improve research skills? A mixed-methods approach was used, including surveys of 27 Master’s students, 16 faculty members, and interviews with 4 professors. The results indicated that teacher-centered methods hinder skill development. 53.5% of participants expressed dissatisfaction with those methods. On the other hand, 72.1% believe that interactive methods enhance research skills, although implementation of these methods is difficult. Limited resources and lack of support from institutions are main challenges. This study suggests to its readers that using the student-centered teaching, the usage of technology, and institutional support are essential for improving research education in Afghanistan. This research provides practical recommendations for policymakers and educators. It emphasizes practical learning and faculty development in order to promote critical thinking and research.

Mazkur maqolada yengil atletikaning qisqa masofaga yugurish yo‘nalishida sportchilarning ketzorlilik sifatini rivojlantirishda zamonaviy yondashuvlar va innovatsion metodlarning o‘rni yoritilgan. Tadqiqot jarayonida 60 m va 100 m masofalarga yuguruvchi yosh sportchilar ishtirokida tajribaviy mashg‘ulotlar o‘tkazilib, ularning ketzorlilik darajasiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar tahlil qilindi. Ketzorlilikni oshirishda yuqori intensivlikdagi interval mashg‘ulotlar, plyometrik usullar va video-tahlil texnologiyalarining samaradorligi amaliy jihatdan asoslab berildi. Tahlillar asosida yosh sportchilar uchun samarali mashg‘ulot dasturi ishlab chiqildi va ilmiy jadvallar orqali ko‘rsatkichlar taqqoslandi.

Maqolada ona tili darslarida milliy qadriyatlar orqali o‘quvchilarga tarbiyaviy ta’sir ko‘rsatish usullari yoritiladi. Matn tanlovi, maqollar, sahnalashtirish va fanlararo integratsiya orqali yosh avlodda vatanparvarlik, halollik, mehr-oqibat kabi fazilatlar shakllantiriladi.

The article examines the problem of climate change caused by the widespread use of non-renewable natural resources. It analyzes the environmental and socio-economic consequences of the idea of banning their use, as well as the prospects for energy transition. Particular attention is paid to the role of communication between key participants - states, scientific and business communities, mass media and citizens - in the implementation of climate change. It concludes that an integrated and coordinated approach to sustainable development is necessary.