In this article, the place of aluminum in the periodic table and its physical and chemical properties, which is one of the elements belonging to group III A of the periodic system, is studied. Aluminum is a metal with atomic number 13 in the third period and group III A of the periodic table. This article analyzes properties of aluminum such as atomic structure, ionization energy, electronegativity and oxidation state. Aluminum's physical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical behavior, are also discussed extensively. In particular, its passivation under the influence of the atmosphere and resistance to corrosion are shown as one of the important aspects. The article also briefly covers the importance of aluminum in industry and technology, its extraction and processing.

In this article, the data set includes various layers of life of the socio-economic system of a certain historical environment, a certain society, state, people, for example, the data set represents the spiritual layers of human life.

This article comprises various works related to the rich cultural heritage of the Karalkalpak people. The focus is on traditional folk embroidery, aspects of the Karalkalpak language, and ethnographic studies of their way of life from the 19th to early 20th century. The collection includes research on archaeological findings, exploring the historical and cultural significance of Khorezm, an ancient region in Central Asia. These works provide valuable insights into the artistic expression, language, and customs of the Karalkalpak community, shedding light on their unique identity and heritage.

This article discusses modern methods and strategies for optimizing projects in educational institutions. The importance of factors such as project management, effective allocation of resources, implementation of educational technologies and involvement of trainers is discussed. The article focuses on the importance of improving the learning process, increasing student engagement and improving the overall quality of education through project optimization in educational institutions. Examples of successful projects and obstacles to their implementation are also expected to be analyzed. This research will help create important approaches to ensure effectiveness in education.

Ushbu maqolada arab va o‘zbek tillaridagi “Son” so‘z turkumiga oid muhim qoidalar; arab tili o‘rganuvchilari uchun ba‘zan qiyinchiliklar tug‘diradigan, murakkab qurilishlardan tashkil topgan jihatlari; ayniqsa, 11 dan 19 gacha bo‘lgan sonlarning sanalmish bilan sintaktik aloqasi; ularning gap tarkibida kelgandagi turlanish holatlari; har ikkala tildagi o‘xshash va farqli jihatlari bir-biriga taqqoslangan holatda turli xil misollar yordamida o‘rganildi.