This article explores the dynamic interplay between genealogical and typological classification in language learning. Genealogical classification, based on historical linguistics, seeks to reveal evolutionary relationships between languages, tracing genealogies back to common ancestors. In contrast, typological classification focuses on common language features, regardless of heredity, and provides insight into universal patterns that emerge independently across languages. The synthesis of these two perspectives provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of language diversity. Genealogical concepts reveal historical connections, migrations, and cultural exchanges, while typological analysis identifies recurring structural elements that shape languages on a global scale. Together, they contribute to a nuanced understanding of how languages evolve and diversify over time.

This article talks about the territories occupied by the military campaigns of Alexander the Great, who had a high military potential of his time. In addition, Alexander's military campaigns, a series of conquests and battles from 336 to 323 BC, have been described as having a major impact on the ancient world.

Xurshid Do‘stmuhammadning “Kuza…” qissasi orqali yozuvchi asarlaridagi noan’anaviyliklar, zamonaviy modern adabiyotining ta’siri ko‘rsatib o`tilgan .

This article examines the determination of goals and dimensions in the effective operation of higher education institutions, as well as the participation of interested parties. The model of rating indicators and strategic goals used by the organization is highlighted. The article offers a template that can be used to create a university indicator system.

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of intermolecular interaction on the spectral and optical properties of food dyes. These studies make it possible not only to monitor changes in the color of dyes depending on the pH of the environment, temperature and other environmental factors, but also the use of food dyes in various branches of science and technology.