This article provides information on stress and stress management. Information is provided on the general characteristics of intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation. The article discusses the management of physiological and emotional reactions to any type of stress, and the individual's stress tolerance.

The reflection of human relationships in his consciousness in the form of feelings, emotional states, high internal experiences creates emotions. The concept of emotion is used in everyday life. In scientific sources, this state is described by such terms as sensations, unconscious desires, demands, goals.

This article provides information on the procedural theory of motivation and theories of raw justice. The article expresses the views of V. Vroom's theory of boxes, D. S. Adam's theory, J. Rawls's theory of justice, utilitarianism, communicative justice, equality and human rights.

This article is devoted to studying the role of new signs in the sign language system and their communicative effectiveness. Sign language is of vital importance for people with hearing impairments and is the main tool for ensuring effective communication with them. The article considers the inclusion of new signs in the language system, their importance in expanding the lexical wealth of the language and increasing communicative capabilities.

Ushbu maqolada oliy tа’limdа gumаnitаr tа’limning аsoslаridаn biri O’zbekistonning eng yangi tаrixi fanini o’qitishda talabalarning mustaqil ish topshiriqlarini bajarish bo’yicha ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Fanning mаqsаdi аvlodlаr, milliy аn’аnаlаr, xаlqning tаrixiy mаdаniyati dаvomiyligini tа’minlovchi fuqаrolik vа vаtаnpаrvаrlik, tаrixiy ongni shаkllаntirishdir.