Ushbu maqolada gipofiz bezidagi o’zgarishlarning bepushtlikka ta’siri uni oldini olish profilaktik usullari haqida so‘z boradi. Gipofiz bezi organizmning endokrin tizimida muhim rol o‘ynab, gormonal muvozanatni saqlashda ishtirok etadi. Uning faoliyatidagi o‘zgarishlar, ayniqsa, gormonlar yetishmovchiligi yoki ortiqcha ishlab chiqarilishi erkaklar va ayollarda bepushtlikka olib kelishi mumkin. Ushbu maqolada gipofiz bezining gormonal disfunksiyasi natijasida yuzaga keladigan bepushtlik sabablari, uning diagnostikasi va davolash usullari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ushbu muammoning oldini olishga qaratilgan profilaktik chora-tadbirlar, jumladan, sog‘lom turmush tarziga rioya qilish, stressni kamaytirish va gormonal muvozanatni saqlash bo‘yicha tavsiyalar beriladi. Mazkur tadqiqot gipofiz bezi kasalliklarini erta aniqlash va samarali davolash orqali bepushtlik xavfini kamaytirishga qaratilgan ilmiy va amaliy yondashuvlarni yoritib beradi.

This article examines the role of inflammation and immunological mechanisms in myocardial infarction. The results of the study show that inflammation and the immune response in the process of myocardial infarction are a complex, multi-stage process. The inflammatory reaction affects tissue damage in the infarct zone and the remodeling of the heart muscle. At the initial stage, mediators released from damaged cells activate the immune system, which can enhance the processes of necrosis and fibrosis. The immunological response also plays an important role in the cleansing and regeneration of the myocardial infarction site, but excessive inflammation and immune response can increase the risk of heart failure.

Barchamizga ma’lumki, jazo tizimlari haqida so`z yuritayotganda o`lim jazosi hech qachon chetda qoldirilmaydi. Ushbu jazo chorasining kelib chiqishi juda uzoq tarixga borib taqalsada, haligacha dunyoning ko`plab mamlakatlarida oliy jazo sifatida qo`llanib kelinmoqda. Mazkur maqolada o`lim jazosi jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashda qanday ahamiyat kasb etishi va uning inson huquqlariga ta`siri haqida so`z boradi.

Ushbu maqolada buyrak tosh kasalligi (nephrolithiasis) bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda so‘lak fassiyasi mikrokristallaridagi biomarkerlarni aniqlash orqali erta tashxis qo‘yishning zamonaviy usullari tadqiq etilgan. Tadqiqotda 30-65 yosh oralig‘idagi 150 nafar bemorning so‘lak namunalari polarizatsion mikroskopiya, Raman spektroskopiya, infraqizil spektroskopiya (FTIR) va mass-spektrometriya usullari yordamida tahlil qilingan. Natijalarga ko‘ra, bemorlarning 80% dan ortig‘rog‘i kalsiy oksalat mikrokristallar aniqlangan, bu esa ularning klinik ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi. So‘lak biomarkerlari tahlillari noinvaziv, tezkor va rentgen-negativ toshlarni aniqlash imkoniyatini beruvchi usul bo‘lib, an’anaviy diagnostika usullari bilan solishtirilganda bir qator afzalliklarga ega.

This article examines the pedagogical aspects of forming learning motivation in primary school students. Students' interest in the educational process, activity, and internal desire to learn directly affect educational effectiveness. The article identifies the teacher's approach, personal interests, the role of the educational environment, and student-teacher relationships as important factors in forming the motivation process. It also emphasizes that students' motivation to learn can be increased through motivational methods, interactive learning, and practical activities. The article also examines the importance of using pedagogical technologies, encouraging students to think independently, and socio-psychological motivation. These recommendations will help teachers organize the educational process in primary school more effectively. Thus, this work is devoted to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of learning motivation in primary school students.