This paper explores the physiological and pathophysiological responses of the human body to stress. Stress, defined as any challenge that disrupts homeostasis, triggers complex mechanisms involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Acute stress activates adaptive responses, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system, which prepare the body to handle immediate threats. However, chronic stress leads to sustained hormonal imbalances, immune suppression, and increased inflammation, contributing to various diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and mental health issues. The dual nature of stress highlights the importance of effective management strategies to maintain health and prevent disease progression. This paper also discusses current understanding of stress-immune system interactions and suggests holistic approaches for stress reduction and health improvement.

This theoretical research explores the economic views of Abdurauf Fitrat, a prominent Central Asian thinker, by comparing them with his contemporaries and interpreting them through a modern lens. Fitrat's ideas reflect a synthesis of Islamic economic principles and modernist thought. By conducting a comparative analysis with regional and global economic thinkers of his time, this paper aims to highlight the unique aspects of his vision. The study uses a descriptive-analytical method and draws on primary texts, archival material, and secondary scholarly interpretations.

Mazkur maqolada sport tadbirlarida marketing strategiyalarining tutgan o‘rni, ularning qo‘llanilish shakllari va samaradorlik darajasi har tomonlama tahlil qilinadi. Sport sohasi zamonaviy jamiyatda nafaqat sog‘lom turmush tarzini targ‘ib qiluvchi ijtimoiy institut, balki katta iqtisodiy salohiyatga ega bo‘lgan tarmoq sifatida ham maydonga chiqmoqda. Xususan, yirik sport tadbirlarining muvaffaqiyatli tashkil etilishi ularning marketing jihatdan to‘g‘ri rejalashtirilganligiga bog‘liq. Maqolada sport marketingining asosiy strategiyalari — brending, raqamli marketing, homiylik aloqalari, auditoriya bilan ishlash va tomoshabinlar tajribasini boshqarish kabi yo‘nalishlar alohida ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Bul maqalada oqiwshilardiń óz-ózin bahalaw dárejesi menen olardiń oqiw iskerligindegi jetiskenlik ortasindaǵi psixologik baylanis analiz etiledi. Izertlewde ‘’óz- ózin bahalaw’’ tu’siniginiń mazmuni, qáliplesiw faktorlari hám oniń oqiw processindegi áhmiyeti aship beriledi. Sonday-aq óz-ózin joqari dárejede bahalawshi oqiwshilardiń ózlestiriw kórsetkishleri joqari boliwi, pás bahalawshi oqiwshilar ese oqiw iskerliginde isenimsizlik penen ajralip turiwi kórsetilgen.

Mazkur maqolada jismoniy tarbiya va sport sohasida raqamli texnologiyalarning qo‘llanilishiga oid yangi tendensiyalar, ularning samaradorligi va imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Axborot-kommunikatsiya texnologiyalarining jadal rivojlanishi sport mashg‘ulotlarini takomillashtirish, sportchilarning salomatligini monitoring qilish, trening jarayonlarini optimallashtirish hamda sport tadbirlarini keng auditoriyaga yetkazishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda.