Ushbu maqolada ilk sak-massaget ko‘chmanchi xalqlari tarixining tarixshunoslikda yoritilishi tizimli tarzda tahlil etiladi. Asosiy e’tibor qadimgi yunon-rim mualliflari - Gerodot, Strabon, Kvint Kursiy Ruf,Arrian, Diodor,Efor kabi mualliflarining asarlarida sak va massagetlar to‘g‘risida berilgan ma’lumotlarga qaratiladi. Ularning yozma asarlarida ushbu ko‘chmanchi xalqlarning harbiy-siyosiy tuzilmasi, urf-odatlari, diniy qarashlari va boshqa xalqlar bilan bo‘lgan munosabatlari qanday aks ettirilgani ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shu bilan birga, rus tarixchi va sharqshunos olimlari -V.V. Bartold, S.P.Tolstov, A.I. Terenojkin, B.A.Litvinskiy, K.A.Akishev kabi olimlarning tadqiqotlari asosida sak-massagetlar tarixini o‘rganishga zamonaviy ilmiy yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi
Ushbudagi shaxsiy tarixiy jamiyati tarkibi, uningy ildizlari va maqola bosqichlari tahlili. shaxs, yig'ilish, miting va namoyishlar huquqi fuqarolik jamiyatining ajralmas elementi sifatida ko'rib chiqiladi. Sharq va G'arb tafakkuridagi fuqarolik jamiyati talqinlari o'ziga xos farqlar yoritilib, O'zbekistonga tegishli e'tibor qaratiladi. , "Farolarning mitinglari, yig'ilishlari va namoyishlari to'g'risida"gi qonun loyihasining mazmuni, asosiy prinsip va taktikaviy tahlili. Ushbu maqola xodimlarining ijtimoiy faolligi, o'ziga xos uyg'unlikni ochib tashlash va qonunchilik amaliyoti.
In an increasingly globalized world, accurate translation plays a vital role in fostering effective intercultural communication. This paper explores how mistranslations can significantly hinder cross-cultural understanding, resulting in social, political, and commercial missteps. Drawing on the foundational theories of Nida (1964) and Hofstede (2001), the study emphasizes the need for careful navigation of linguistic and cultural nuances. Notable examples—such as the mistranslation of political speeches or marketing slogans—demonstrate how even minor errors can lead to offense or distort intended meanings. For instance, Pepsi’s slogan “Come alive with the Pepsi generation” was once mistranslated into Chinese as “Pepsi brings your ancestors back from the grave,” causing confusion and cultural dissonance. Similarly, diplomatic translation errors—like Khrushchev’s infamous phrase “We will bury you” during the Cold War—illustrate the potentially dangerous consequences of inaccurate interpretation. This research highlights the importance of cultural competence in translation, referencing Baker’s (1992) insights on pragmatic failure and Venuti’s (1995) concepts of domestication and foreignization. By analyzing real-world cases alongside translation theory, the paper advocates for the integration of intercultural training in translator education and the implementation of stricter quality assurance mechanisms within international communication settings. Ultimately, it concludes that accurate translation is not merely a linguistic task but a powerful bridge—or, when handled poorly, a barrier—between cultures.