Bul maqalada tanıqlı ustaz, dirijor, muzıka iyesi, xalıq saz ásbaplarınıń xalqımız arasında jańrawında, óz úlesin qosıp kiyatırǵan Maqsetdulla Kamalov ómir jolı hám dóretiwshiligi haqqında maǵluwmat beriledi.

Mazkur maqolada 1868–1917 yillar oralig‘ida Samarqand viloyatida yuz bergan madaniy jarayonlar tahlil qilinadi. Rus imperiyasi tarkibiga qo‘shilishdan so‘ng hududda yuzaga kelgan ijtimoiy-madaniy o‘zgarishlar, yangi ta’lim tizimi, matbuot, teatr va boshqa madaniy institutlarning shakllanishi va ularning mahalliy jamiyat hayotiga ta’siri yoritilgan.

This scientific paper explores the general pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation, a fundamental biological response to harmful stimuli such as infection, injury, or immune dysregulation. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the key stages of inflammation, including initiation, amplification, and resolution, as well as the complex cellular and molecular components involved. Special emphasis is placed on immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, along with inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and nitric oxide. The work distinguishes between acute and chronic inflammation, explaining their unique features, triggers, and pathological consequences. Disruption in this process is highlighted as a major contributor to long-term inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Clinical implications, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic strategies targeting specific pathways of inflammation are also addressed. This research is intended to serve as a valuable resource for students of medical and biological sciences, healthcare professionals, and researchers interested in immunology and disease mechanisms.

Ushbu tadqiqot O‘zbekistonda konstitutsiyaviy sudga fuqarolar va yuridik shaxslarning murojaatlari institutining huquqiy asoslari, protsessual talablari va uni rivojlantirish yo‘llarini o‘rganadi. “O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyaviy sudi to‘g‘risida”gi Konstitutsiyaviy qonunining normalari tahlil qilinib, Germaniya, Ozarbayjon, Qirg‘iziston va Tojikiston kabi xorijiy davlatlar tajribasi bilan solishtirildi. Tadqiqot shuni ko‘rsatadiki, O‘zbekistonda faqat qonunlarga qarshi shikoyat qilish imkonini beruvchi qisman konstitutsiyaviy shikoyat instituti joriy etilgan bo‘lib, bu tizimning qamrovi va foydalanish imkoniyatlari xalqaro standartlarga, xususan, Venetsiya komissiyasi tavsiyalariga moslashtirishni talab qiladi. Takliflar orasida to‘liq konstitutsiyaviy shikoyat modelini joriy etish va protsessual samaradorlikni oshirish kiradi.

В статье рассматриваются особенности методики преподавания японского языка в условиях многоязычной образовательной среды на примере Республики Узбекистан. Учитывая лингвистическое разнообразие обучающихся, владеющих узбекским, русским и английским языками, автор анализирует влияние языкового опыта на усвоение японского языка, выделяя как положительные, так и отрицательные аспекты межъязыкового переноса. Особое внимание уделяется интегрированному языковому подходу, роли английского языка как языка-посредника, а также необходимости включения культурных компонентов в учебный процесс. Подчёркивается значение цифровых технологий и мультиязычных ресурсов в повышении мотивации и эффективности обучения.