В статье рассматривается значение научно-исследовательской деятельности в педагогике как инструмента поиска эффективных форм работы с детьми старшего дошкольного возраста. Особое внимание уделено использованию квест-игр как средства формирования навыков сотрудничества у детей 6–7 лет. Представлены результаты анализа теоретических подходов и обозначены практические рекомендации по организации квест-игр в образовательной деятельности.

In order to effectively combat various forms of transnational and international crimes, the global community has intensified judicial cooperation and mutual legal assistance at the international level. One of the most significant forms of such cooperation is the extradition of offenders, which is carried out based on bilateral or multilateral agreements or in accordance with regional and international conventions. Linguistically, extradition refers to the act of reclaiming, requesting the return, or sending back an individual. In legal terminology, it encompasses a series of measures undertaken to return a criminal from the country of residence to the country where the crime was committed. As crime rates increase, offenders attempt to evade punishment by fleeing abroad, seeking refuge in another country to escape prosecution for their crimes. The practice of extradition has a long historical precedent, evident across various periods, including ancient, medieval, and modern times. The issue of extradition is governed by specific rules and regulations, encompassing legal principles, procedural mechanisms, and associated challenges.

Ushbu maqola ta'lim muassasalarida fuqaro muhofazasi tadbirlarini o‘tkazish va hujjatlarini ishlab chiqish masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada fuqaro muhofazasi tadbirlarining ta'lim muassasalarida ahamiyati, asosiy qoidalari, tashkilotlar tomonidan bajarilishi kerak bo‘lgan vazifalar va hujjatlarni tayyorlashda e'tibor berilishi lozim bo‘lgan masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadbirlar o‘quvchilarning xavfsizligini ta'minlash, favqulodda vaziyatlarga tayyor turish va evakuatsiya rejalari orqali muassasada xavfsizlikni mustahkamlashni maqsad qiladi. Maqola, shuningdek, hujjatlarni takomillashtirish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va muntazam yangilanishlarning ahamiyatini ta'kidlaydi.

Ushbu maqola jismoniy tarbiya darslarida zamonaviy ta'lim berish usullarining ahamiyatini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar, interaktiv metodlar, gamifikatsiya, multimedia vositalari va individuallashtirilgan yondashuvlarning ta'lim jarayoniga qanday ta'sir ko'rsatishi va o'quvchilarning jismoniy, ruhiy va ijtimoiy rivojlanishiga qanday hissa qo'shishi ko'rib chiqiladi. Zamonaviy usullar nafaqat jismoniy salomatlikni yaxshilash, balki o'quvchilarni motivatsiya qilish, o'ziga bo'lgan ishonchni oshirish va sport faoliyatida samarali ishtirok etish uchun zarur ko'nikmalarni rivojlantirishga yordam beradi. Maqola shuningdek, texnologiyalarni jismoniy tarbiya darslarida qo'llash, tashqi muhitni ta'lim jarayoniga jalb qilish va o'quvchilarga rag'batlantiruvchi muhit yaratish haqida muhokama qiladi. Barcha metodlar orqali jismoniy tarbiya darslari yanada interaktiv, samarali va qiziqarli bo'lishi mumkin.

International criminal proceedings have been consistently criticized due to the lack of an international legislative system, mandatory competent courts, and organized enforcement mechanisms. These factors are essential for establishing a comprehensive and credible legal framework. These shortcomings were particularly evident during the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials, where reliance on the concept of "justice" could not fill the void left by the absence of "legality." The criticisms raised during and after these trials highlighted the importance of the principles of legality of crimes and punishments within international criminal law. Although the process of accepting and establishing these principles has been slow, it has progressed steadily. A historical examination of international criminal proceedings—from the Leipzig High Court in the early 20th century, the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials in the mid-century, the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda in the 1990s, and ad hoc tribunals like the Special Court for Sierra Leone to the International Criminal Court (ICC) at the beginning of the 21st century—demonstrates a profound and gradual evolution in the acceptance and implementation of the principles of legality of crimes and punishments. This process began with denial and initial indifference to these principles and ultimately reached a point where adherence to them was explicitly stated as a legal necessity. This evolution reflects the continuous efforts of the international community to strengthen the legal foundations of international criminal proceedings and ensure the rights of the accused.