Surxon vohasida esa Sherobod, Denov, Boysun, Sarijo’y va Yurchi kabi bekliklar bo’lgan va bular turli davrlarda tashkil etilib yugatilib turilgan. Ushbu maqolada esa Surxon vohasining shimoliy qismida joylashgan bekliklarni tadqiq qilamiz.

This paper explores the physiological and pathophysiological responses of the human body to stress. Stress, defined as any challenge that disrupts homeostasis, triggers complex mechanisms involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Acute stress activates adaptive responses, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system, which prepare the body to handle immediate threats. However, chronic stress leads to sustained hormonal imbalances, immune suppression, and increased inflammation, contributing to various diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and mental health issues. The dual nature of stress highlights the importance of effective management strategies to maintain health and prevent disease progression. This paper also discusses current understanding of stress-immune system interactions and suggests holistic approaches for stress reduction and health improvement.

В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.

This paper explores the pathophysiological basis of metabolic disturbances in diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action. It examines the complex mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and altered metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The study highlights how these metabolic imbalances contribute to the development of diabetic complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these fundamental processes is essential for advancing treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes. The paper also discusses current therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring metabolic balance and preventing long-term damage.

Maqolada sanoat korxonalarining raqobatbardoshligini oshirishda innovatsion modellarni qo‘llashning nazariy asoslari va amaliy ahamiyati o‘rganiladi. Bugungi globallashuv va texnologik taraqqiyot sharoitida korxonalar o‘z ustunliklarini saqlab qolish va mustahkamlash uchun yangi innovatsion yondashuvlarga tayanishi zarur. Xususan, ilg‘or texnologiyalarni joriy etish, raqamli transformatsiya, yashil innovatsiyalar, ilmiy-tadqiqot va tajriba-konstruktorlik ishlanmalarini rivojlantirish kabi innovatsion modellar tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda ushbu modellarni joriy etish jarayonida uchraydigan tizimli muammolar, ularning yechimlari hamda mahalliy sanoat korxonalarida qo‘llanilayotgan ilg‘or tajribalar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada innovatsion modelning muvaffaqiyatli amal qilishi uchun zarur bo‘lgan tashkiliy, texnologik va inson resurslari infratuzilmasi talablari ham tahlil qilingan.