Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Xorazm viloyatining qadimgi davrlaridan boshlab, bugungi kungacha bo‘lgan rivojlanish bosqichlari haqida kengroq ma’lumot berilib o’tilgan. Qadimgi Xorazm madaniyati, antik va o‘rta asr davlatlari, Xorazmshohlar davri, Xiva xonligi va XX asrda yuz bergan ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlar ilmiy manbalar asosida tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, Xorazmning bugungi kundagi iqtisodiy va madaniy rivojlanishi, turizm sohasidagi yutuqlari ham o‘rganilgan. Maqola davomida tarixiy voqealarga asoslangan holda, Xorazm viloyatining O‘zbekiston tarixidagi o‘rni va uning jahon tamadduniga qo‘shgan hissasi haqida ma’lumotlar keltirib o’tilgan

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most prevalent primary malignant renal tumor in children, accounting for approximately 90% of pediatric renal malignancies. Early and accurate diagnosis plays a critical role in the prognosis and overall treatment success. The role of radiological imaging in Wilms tumor extends beyond mere detection; it includes staging, treatment planning, and monitoring response to therapy. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting Wilms tumor in children. Comparative evaluations of each modality’s sensitivity, specificity, and limitations are supported by recent case statistics and clinical findings. An integrated radiological approach can enhance clinical outcomes, reduce unnecessary surgical interventions, and facilitate personalized care strategies.

This article explores Iran-Ottoman relations during the Qajar era (1794–1925), highlighting both cooperation and competition between the two neighbors. Their collaboration brought significant achievements in economy, culture, politics, and security, while conflicts—mainly rooted in border issues, ethnic minorities, and foreign interventions (particularly Russian and British)—often led to wars. Despite these tensions, efforts to maintain peaceful relations marked this era as relatively stable compared to earlier periods like the Safavid, Afsharid, and Zand dynasties. Key events such as the First and Second Treaties of Erzurum reflect the deepening of bilateral ties. Although full success was not achieved, this period holds a notable place in the history of both nations for fostering cooperation in political, cultural, economic, and military spheres. The study adopts a descriptive and library-based research approach, concluding that these shared interests are strong foundations for continued collaboration.

Ushbu maqolada Gerard Clauson tuzgan “An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish” asari asosida Chigʻatoy tilidagi otlar grammatik tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot 821 ta otga asoslanib, ularning grammatik ko‘rinishlari, semantik yo‘nalishi va til tafakkuridagi o‘rni statistik jihatdan ko‘rsatib beriladi.

Acute intestinal obstruction in children is a serious clinical condition that requires timely diagnosis to ensure effective management and improved prognosis. Ultrasonography, due to its non-invasiveness and real-time imaging capabilities, has become one of the most valuable diagnostic tools in pediatric practice. This study explores the role of comprehensive ultrasonographic techniques in identifying different types of intestinal obstruction among pediatric patients. Through clinical evaluation of 100 pediatric cases, this paper demonstrates the diagnostic efficiency, interpretative criteria, and practical relevance of sonographic findings. This work contributes to clinical best practices and advocates for ultrasonography as a first-line diagnostic modality in children with suspected intestinal obstruction.