Mazkur maqola, toshkent viloyаti xаlq xo‘jаligidа temir yo‘llаr tizimining o‘rni mavzusida yozilgan. Ushbu maqolada, toshkent viloyаti xаlq xo‘jаligidа temir yo‘llаr tizimining o‘rni va xususiyatlari o‘rganilgan. Maqolada toshkent viloyаti xаlq xo‘jаligidа temir yo‘llаr tizimining o‘rni samarali bo‘lishi va ularning yuqori natijalarga erishishi uchun qanday shart-sharoitlar zarurligi tahlil qilingan.

This paper explores the physiological and pathophysiological responses of the human body to stress. Stress, defined as any challenge that disrupts homeostasis, triggers complex mechanisms involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Acute stress activates adaptive responses, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system, which prepare the body to handle immediate threats. However, chronic stress leads to sustained hormonal imbalances, immune suppression, and increased inflammation, contributing to various diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and mental health issues. The dual nature of stress highlights the importance of effective management strategies to maintain health and prevent disease progression. This paper also discusses current understanding of stress-immune system interactions and suggests holistic approaches for stress reduction and health improvement.

This article explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension, with a special emphasis on the hormonal factors that contribute to elevated blood pressure. Hypertension, one of the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders worldwide, results from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and dysregulation of multiple physiological systems. The article discusses how alterations in renal function, vascular resistance, and sympathetic nervous system activity lead to chronic elevation of arterial pressure. Particular attention is given to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), vasopressin, and other endocrine factors such as catecholamines and natriuretic peptides. The review also highlights the feedback loops and receptor sensitivities that sustain hypertensive states over time. Understanding these hormonal contributions is essential for identifying therapeutic targets and improving the management of hypertensive patients. Overall, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive view of how hormonal imbalance acts as a key driver in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Bugungi kunda jamiyatimizda axloqiy tarbiyaning kuchaytirilishi, yosh avlod qalbida ezgulik, mehr-oqibat, halollik kabi fazilatlarni singdirish muhim masalalardan biridir. Ayniqsa, boshlang‘ich ta’lim bosqichida bolalarning ijtimoiy ongini shakllantirish orqali ularni jamiyatga foydali shaxs etib voyaga yetkazish mumkin. Bu borada tasavvuf ta’limotining tarbiyaviy jihatlari alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi. Tasavvuf insonni ichki poklanishga, boshqalarga nisbatan mehribonlik va muruvvat bilan munosabatda bo‘lishga chorlaydi. Ushbu maqolada tasavvuf ta’limotining boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari ongiga ijtimoiy g‘oyalarni singdirishdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Har bir inson yoshlik chog’idan boshlab odob axloq qoidalariga rioya qilishi va atrofdagilarga ham hurmatda bo’lishi zarur. Hozirgi globallashuv jarayonida o’quvchilarni ijtimoiy ongini rivojlantirish juda muhim jarayon hisoblanadi.

Ushbu maqolada XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida O‘rta Osiyoda yuzaga kelgan jadidchilik harakatining mazmun-mohiyati, tarixiy bosqichlari, asosiy g‘oyalari hamda bugungi kunda bu harakat merosining O‘zbekiston jamiyatidagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Jadidchilik harakatining asoschilari tomonidan ilgari surilgan ma’rifiy, ijtimoiy va siyosiy g‘oyalarning zamonaviy ta’lim tizimi, gender tengligi, milliy o‘zlikni anglash va fuqarolik jamiyati qurilishiga ta’siri yoritilgan. Shuningdek, jadid matbuoti, teatr va adabiy merosining yosh avlod tarbiyasidagi roli, bugungi islohotlar bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi chuqur o‘rganilgan. Maqolada tarixiy va zamonaviy qarashlar uyg‘unligi orqali jadidchilik harakatining dolzarbligi va bugungi kundagi o‘rni ilmiy asosda tahlil etiladi.