The process of determining aggression in a person is very complex, and it has been studied by social psychologists for a long time. Some social psychologists define aggression as the intentional harm to another person, causing physical or social damage, and in some cases, destroying the object of aggression. In our opinion, this definition is correct, but we must take into account some limitations in the further development of our research. For example, if you ask a question to one of your family members and he does not answer you or refuses to answer, we do not see in this action an attack on someone's life or harm. In the same way, your neighbor sitting on the threshold disturbs you, but cannot harm you.

This text analyzes the role of motivational approach in developing entrepreneurial skills among learners. It emphasizes key psychological factors such as intrinsic motivation, self efficacy, growth mindset, and resilience. Research shows these elements form a robust foundation for persistence, creative thinking, and initiating practical entrepreneurial activities . The annotation also explores how motivational strategies can be enhanced through hands-on activities, role models, and recognition of short-term achievements in education. The conclusion highlights that an integrated motivational approach effectively prepares students for entrepreneurial engagement.

This study examines intercultural language development using Turkish and Uzbek as case studies. Both languages, belonging to the Turkic family, share significant lexical, grammatical, and phraseological similarities, which facilitate pedagogical processes. Additionally, culturally specific expressions and customs—such as “Kolay gelsin” and “Labbay”—enhance mutual understanding. This practice fosters intercultural competence, empathy, and inclusivity. A project-based teaching approach effectively integrates both language and culture. The annotation concludes that developing multilingual competencies is not only a matter of linguistic similarities but a holistic process that promotes cultural sensitivity, respect, and inclusive communication.

This article discusses the pirs who played an important role in the life and work of Amir Temur, their qualities, the attitude of the master to the scholars, and the positive aspects of this.

Bugungi kunda sog‘liqni saqlash tizimi doimiy monitoring va aniq tashxisga muhtoj. Ayniqsa yurak urishi, nafas olish va qand miqdori kabi hayotiy ko‘rsatkichlarni real vaqtli tahlil qilish orqali kasalliklar erta bosqichda aniqlanishi mumkin. Ushbu maqola kognitiv texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt va real vaqtli monitoring usullarini birlashtirib, tibbiy ma’lumotlarga asoslangan ogohlantirish tizimini yaratishga bag‘ishlangan. Taklif etilayotgan model LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neyron tarmog‘i asosida yurak, nafas va glyukoza darajasini tahlil qiladi va anomaliyani avtomatik tarzda aniqlaydi. Bunda signal filtrlash, ketma-ketlikni bashorat qilish va individual sog‘liq profili orqali shaxsiy qaror qabul qiluvchi tizimlar ishlab chiqiladi. Tajribada real hayotga yaqinlashtirilgan sun’iy datasetlar asosida tahlillar o‘tkazilib, aniqlik, faollik va ogohlantirish tizimining ishonchliligi baholandi. Natijalar ushbu texnologiya yordamida sog‘liqni kuzatishda yuksak samaradorlikka erishish mumkinligini ko‘rsatdi. Modelga mobil ilova yoki web interfeys integratsiyasi orqali foydalanuvchi sog‘lig‘ini 24/7 nazorat ostida ushlab turish imkoniyati yaratish rejalashtirilgan. Maqolada kardiologik signallarga raqamli ishlov berishning kognitiv modeli va dasturiy majmuasini ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha kognitiv yondashuvlarni ishlab chiqish va u asosida model, algoritm, diagramma, dasturiy komponentlar va amaliy tahlillar taqdim etilgan. Yurakning EEG signallari asosida aritmiya kasalligini aniqlash uchun kognitiv parametrlar (yosh, jins, kasb, jismoniy faollik va anamnez) bilan birga yurakning muhim 8 ta xususiyati o‘rganildi. EKG signallarining asosiy intervallari (RR, PR, QRS, QT) va yurak ritmidagi o‘zgarishlar HRV, ST segment, T va P to‘lqinlar orqali o‘rganildi. Ma’lumotlar Random Forest klassifikatori yordamida tahlil qilindi.