This article is due to the fact that the study of ways of reflecting culture in language and human society contributes to the knowledge of other cultures and mentality, serves the development of intercultural communication. The purpose of this work is to identify the origins and trace the development of cultural linguistics as an independent scientific discipline, as well as to analyze its current state.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Konstitutsiyasi jamiyat va davlat hayotida tutgan o‘rni, inson huquq va erkinliklarini ta’minlashdagi roli, farovon jamiyat barpo etishdagi ahamiyati hamda islohotlarni huquqiy jihatdan mustahkamlashdagi vazifalari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, yangi tahrirdagi Konstitutsiyaning demokratik tamoyillarni mustahkamlashga, kuchli fuqarolik jamiyatini shakllantirishga hamda inson qadri ulug‘lanadigan tuzum barpo etishga qo‘shayotgan hissasi ilmiy-nazariy asosda sharhlanadi.

Baxshichilik san’atida Janubiy Oʻzbekiston dostonchilik maktablari oʻziga xos oʻringa ega boʻlib, uning badihagoʻyligi, aytish usulining shoʻxligi va repertuaridagi dostonlarning boshqa dostonchilik maktablarida uchramasligi kabi diqqatga sazovor jihatlari bor. Mazkur maqolada Chiroqchi dostonchilik maktabi repertuari, maktab vakillarining ijodiy an’analari va Shomurod shoirning badiiy mahorati haqida soʻz boradi.

This article discusses the principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in the C++ programming language and their practical application. OOP is one of the important areas of programming technologies, which allows organizing the program structure in a modular form, reusing code, and simplifying complex software systems. The article discusses the four main principles of OOP - encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction - with theoretical and practical examples. It also discusses methods for modeling real-life processes using classes and objects in the C++ language.

This article analyzes the processes of formation and development of political parties in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979), as well as their relationship with the state system. The study examines political freedoms, the role of opposition and governmental parties during the eras of Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah, and the socio-political preconditions that led to the Islamic Revolution of 1979.