Maqolada self-learning (o‘z-o‘zini o‘rgatish) texnologiyalarining mazmuni, afzalliklari va ularni ta’lim jarayonida qo‘llash samaradorligi yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari self-learning texnologiyalari talabalarning o‘quv motivatsiyasi, tahliliy fikrlashi va mustaqil ta’lim ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishda samarali vosita ekanligini ko‘rsatdi.

Maqolada liderlik fenomenining guruh dinamikasi va rivojlanishidagi o'rni chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Liderlikning nazariy asoslari, guruh rivojlanish bosqichlari va liderning har bir bosqichdagi roli ko'rib chiqiladi. Zamonaviy liderlik nazariyalari, empirik tadqiqotlar va amaliy qo'llanilish yo'nalishlari taqdim etiladi. Maqola guruh psixologiyasi, tashkiliy xulq-atvori va liderlik rivojlantirish sohalari mutaxassislari uchun mo'ljallangan.

Ushbu maqolada sportning stol tennis turi bo‘yicha to‘garaklarda shug‘ullanuvchi 12 yoshli bolalar bilan olib borilgan mashg‘ulot jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Asosiy e’tibor sportchilarning jismoniy tayyorgarligini xalqaro me’yorlar darajasiga yetkazish, ularning tezkorlik va chaqqonlik sifatlarini rivojlantirish masalalariga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot davomida yuqori shiddatli yuklamalarning organizmga salbiy ta’siri, musobaqa oldi tayyorgarlik bosqichlarining uzviyligi va nazorat mashqlari orqali jismoniy rivojlanish dinamikasini aniqlash usullari o‘rganilgan.

This article presents an overview of advanced technologies utilizing synthesized nanoparticles for the selective separation and purification of crude oil. The growing demand for cleaner fuels and more efficient refining methods has driven the development of nanotechnology-based solutions in the petroleum industry. Engineered nanoparticles, including metal oxides, carbon-based nanostructures, and functionalized silica, have demonstrated exceptional selectivity, surface reactivity, and stability under harsh processing conditions. The study highlights the mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with crude oil components—such as asphaltenes, resins, and sulfur-containing compounds—enabling targeted removal and separation. Laboratory-scale experiments and pilot-scale applications are analyzed to assess improvements in phase separation, emulsion breaking, and reduction of processing time and energy consumption. The results support the feasibility of integrating nanoparticle-based systems into conventional refining processes to enhance performance, reduce environmental impact, and increase the yield of high-value fractions. These technologies show strong potential for contributing to the future of sustainable and efficient crude oil treatment.

Mazkur maqola til birliklarining kategoriyalashuvi masalasini zamonaviy lingvistik tadqiqotlar nuqtai nazaridan ko'rib chiqadi. Tadqiqot til birliklarini tasniflash prinsiплari, ularning ierarxik tuzilishi va funksional xususiyatlari tahlil qilingan. Maqolada struktural, funksional va kognitiv tilshunoslik yo'nalishlaridagi kategoriyalash yondashuvlari mukayasa qilinadi. Natijalar til birliklarining kategoriyalashuvida semantik, sintaktik va pragmatik mezonlarning o'zaro ta'sirini ko'rsatadi.