Mazkur maqolada giyohvandlikka chalingan shaxslarning psixologik hamda emotsional holati, kognitiv funksiyalari va ijtimoiy xulq-atvoridagi o‘zgarishlar psixologik va klinik nuqtai nazardan tahlil etilgan.

Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillarida statusni anglatuvchi murojaat birliklarining nutqiy vaziyatda tasniflanishini ko’rishingiz mumkin.

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy psixologiyada muhim ahamiyat kasb etuvchi hissiyot va stress hodisalari oʻzaro uzviy bogʻliqligini tahlil qilamiz. Hissiyotlar inson ongining noaniq, ammo kuchli harakatlantiruvchi omillari sifatida qaralib, stress esa organizmning adaptiv javobi sifatida qaraladi.

Ushbu maqolada ona tilida nutq madaniyatini shakllantirishda zamonaviy raqamli texnologiyalarning ta’lim jarayonidagi o‘rni, imkoniyatlari va yuzaga kelayotgan pedagogik muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli vositalarning nutq madaniyati rivojiga ta’siri, o‘qituvchilarning raqamli savodxonlik darajasi, texnik infratuzilma muammolari hamda ijtimoiy-psixologik jihatlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola raqamli va an’anaviy ta’lim usullarining uyg‘unligini ta’kidlab, pedagogik yondashuvlarni takomillashtirish zaruratini ko‘rsatadi.

The article analyzes the transformation of Iran’s foreign policy strategy from the Islamic Revolution of 1979 to the early decades of the twenty-first century. Particular focus is placed on how domestic reforms, constitutional changes, and shifting geopolitical conditions shaped Tehran’s external orientation. The study highlights the central role of the Supreme Leader, whose broad constitutional powers allow him to define national priorities, supervise their implementation, and intervene directly in political institutions. It further examines the contributions of the President, the Parliament (Majles), the Foreign Ministry, and constitutional councils to policy formulation. The paper traces key stages of Iranian diplomacy under Rafsanjani’s pragmatic reconstruction, Khatami’s “Dialogue Among Civilizations,” Ahmadinejad’s confrontational justice-centered approach, and Rouhani’s moderate, economically oriented strategy culminating in the JCPOA. Overall, the research demonstrates how Iran’s foreign policy continuously balances ideology and pragmatism to strengthen national interests and ensure regional leadership.