В статье рассматривается значение грудного вскармливания в обеспечении полноценного питания, роста и развития новорождённых. Анализируются основные биологические свойства грудного молока, его питательная и иммунологическая ценность, а также влияние на формирование иммунной системы и кишечной микробиоты ребёнка. Особое внимание уделено вопросам правильной организации грудного вскармливания, раннему прикладыванию ребёнка к груди и роли медицинских работников в поддержке матерей. Показано, что рациональная организация грудного вскармливания способствует профилактике инфекционных заболеваний и обеспечивает благоприятные условия для физического и нервно-психического развития ребёнка.

This article examines modern preventive approaches to reducing the risk of post-traumatic pneumonia in patients with chest injuries. The study focuses on major risk factors, including multiple rib fractures, pulmonary contusion, severe pain, impaired ventilation, retained bronchial secretions, and prolonged immobilization. Particular attention is given to early pain management, respiratory exercises, airway clearance, early mobilization, and continuous monitoring of respiratory status. The importance of individualized preventive protocols and multidisciplinary care is also considered. The analysis demonstrates that the comprehensive application of preventive measures can reduce pulmonary complications, improve respiratory function, shorten hospitalization, and contribute to better clinical outcomes in patients with thoracic trauma. Early identification of high-risk patients and timely implementation of preventive interventions are essential components of modern trauma care.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston korporativ sektorida Agile boshqaruv metodologiyasiga o‘tish jarayonining institutsional muammolari va rivojlanish istiqbollari kompleks tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda xalqaro Agile transformatsiya tajribalari, O‘zbekiston korporatsiyalarining tashkiliy tuzilmasi va boshqaruv madaniyati xususiyatlari, shuningdek, so‘nggi yillarda mamlakatda amalga oshirilayotgan iqtisodiy islohotlar doirasida korporativ boshqaruvni takomillashtirishga oid ma’lumotlardan foydalanilgan. Agile metodologiyasining jahon tajribasida korporativ boshqaruv samaradorligini oshirish, bozor o‘zgarishlariga tez moslashish va innovatsion rivojlanishni rag‘batlantirishdagi ijobiy natijalari keng e’tirof etilgan bo‘lsa-da, O‘zbekiston sharoitida ushbu metodologiyani joriy etish o‘ziga xos institutsional to‘siqlar bilan duch kelmoqda. Xususan, qat’iy ierarxik boshqaruv an’analari, qarorlarni markazlashtirilgan holda qabul qilish amaliyoti, me’yoriy-huquqiy bazaning moslashuvchan boshqaruv usullariga tayyor emasligi, byudjetlashtirish va moliyaviy rejalashtirish tizimining qattiqligi, shuningdek, boshqaruv kadrlarining Agile tamoyillari bo‘yicha yetarli metodologik tayyorgarlikka ega emasligi asosiy institutsional to‘siqlar sifatida aniqlangan. Tadqiqot natijalari Agile boshqaruvga o‘tishning muvaffaqiyati faqat texnik jarayonlarni o‘zgartirish bilan emas, balki tashkiliy madaniyat, rahbarlik uslubi, xodimlarning motivatsion tizimi va boshqaruv falsafasini tubdan qayta ko‘rib chiqish bilan bog‘liqligini ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada Skandinaviya mamlakatlari, Singapur va Hindistonning Agile transformatsiya tajribalari tahlil qilinib, ularni O‘zbekiston sharoitiga moslashtirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, Agile’ni bosqichma-bosqich joriy etish, pilot loyihalar orqali tajriba sinovi, gibrid (aralash) boshqaruv modellarini qo‘llash, rahbarlar va xodimlarni tizimli o‘qitish hamda transformatsiya muvaffaqiyatini baholashning yangi KPI tizimini ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

English phrasal verbs are an important feature of the English lexical and grammatical system. They consist mainly of a verb combined with an adverbial particle or, in some cases, a particle and a preposition. Phrasal verbs such as give up, look after, find out, and take off are extremely common in everyday English and are particularly significant for learners who want to achieve natural and fluent communication. At the same time, they are difficult to understand and use because their meanings are not always predictable from the meanings of their individual components. This paper presents a comparative analysis of English phrasal verbs, focusing on their structural, syntactic, semantic, and functional characteristics. It also considers the relationship between phrasal verbs and their equivalents in other linguistic systems, particularly languages that tend to express verbal meanings through prefixes or single lexical verbs. The analysis demonstrates that phrasal verbs can have literal, semi-transparent, and idiomatic meanings and can function according to different syntactic patterns. Particular attention is given to separable and inseparable phrasal verbs, transitive and intransitive constructions, and difficulties associated with their translation and acquisition. The study concludes that understanding phrasal verbs requires learners to develop both vocabulary and grammatical awareness. Their systematic study is therefore essential for effective English-language learning, translation, and communication.

Bul maqalada gúl sóziniń leksika-semantikalıq ózgeshelikleri arnawlı ilimiy izertlewler tiykarında analizlendi hám qaraqalpaq tiline tán tárepleri de aytıp ótildi. «Gúl» semantikalıq maydanına kiriwshi bir qatar birliklerdiń etimologiyalıq ózgeshelikleri de talqılandı.