Mazkur maqolada AQSH, Rossiya, Finlyandiya, Angliya va Xitoyda inklyuziv ta’limni tashkil etishning nazariy, huquqiy va pedagogik mexanizmlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi turli ijtimoiy-madaniy va ta’limiy sharoitlarda shakllangan inklyuziv ta’lim modellarining umumiy va o‘ziga xos jihatlarini aniqlash, ularning samarali mexanizmlarini tizimlashtirish hamda O‘zbekiston umumiy o‘rta ta’lim tizimida qo‘llash imkoniyatlarini asoslashdan iborat. Tadqiqotda qiyosiy pedagogik tahlil, hujjatlarni kontent-tahlil qilish, ilmiy manbalarni tizimli ko‘rib chiqish va ta’lim modellarini mezonlar asosida taqqoslash usullaridan foydalanildi. Tahlil AQSHdagi Individualized Education Program (IEP) va Least Restrictive Environment (LRE), Angliyadagi SEND va Education, Health and Care Plan (EHC plan), Finlyandiyadagi erta pedagogik qo‘llab-quvvatlash, Rossiyadagi moslashtirilgan ta’lim dasturlari va psixologik-tibbiy-pedagogik komissiya mexanizmlari, shuningdek, Xitoydagi Learning in Regular Classrooms (LRC) modeli asosida amalga oshirildi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, samarali inklyuziya faqat alohida ehtiyojli bolani umumiy sinfga joylashtirish bilan cheklanmaydi; uning natijadorligi individual rejalashtirish, erta yordam, pedagoglarning kasbiy tayyorgarligi, multidissiplinar hamkorlik, oilaning qaror qabul qilishdagi ishtiroki va maktab ichidagi qo‘llab-quvvatlash xizmatlarining integratsiyasiga bog‘liq. Qiyosiy tahlil asosida O‘zbekiston sharoitida individual ta’lim rejalari, maktab darajasidagi multidissiplinar qo‘llab-quvvatlash guruhlari va ehtiyojga asoslangan pedagogik yordamni kuchaytirish taklif etiladi.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston korporativ sektorida Agile boshqaruv metodologiyasiga o‘tish jarayonining institutsional muammolari va rivojlanish istiqbollari kompleks tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda xalqaro Agile transformatsiya tajribalari, O‘zbekiston korporatsiyalarining tashkiliy tuzilmasi va boshqaruv madaniyati xususiyatlari, shuningdek, so‘nggi yillarda mamlakatda amalga oshirilayotgan iqtisodiy islohotlar doirasida korporativ boshqaruvni takomillashtirishga oid ma’lumotlardan foydalanilgan. Agile metodologiyasining jahon tajribasida korporativ boshqaruv samaradorligini oshirish, bozor o‘zgarishlariga tez moslashish va innovatsion rivojlanishni rag‘batlantirishdagi ijobiy natijalari keng e’tirof etilgan bo‘lsa-da, O‘zbekiston sharoitida ushbu metodologiyani joriy etish o‘ziga xos institutsional to‘siqlar bilan duch kelmoqda. Xususan, qat’iy ierarxik boshqaruv an’analari, qarorlarni markazlashtirilgan holda qabul qilish amaliyoti, me’yoriy-huquqiy bazaning moslashuvchan boshqaruv usullariga tayyor emasligi, byudjetlashtirish va moliyaviy rejalashtirish tizimining qattiqligi, shuningdek, boshqaruv kadrlarining Agile tamoyillari bo‘yicha yetarli metodologik tayyorgarlikka ega emasligi asosiy institutsional to‘siqlar sifatida aniqlangan. Tadqiqot natijalari Agile boshqaruvga o‘tishning muvaffaqiyati faqat texnik jarayonlarni o‘zgartirish bilan emas, balki tashkiliy madaniyat, rahbarlik uslubi, xodimlarning motivatsion tizimi va boshqaruv falsafasini tubdan qayta ko‘rib chiqish bilan bog‘liqligini ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada Skandinaviya mamlakatlari, Singapur va Hindistonning Agile transformatsiya tajribalari tahlil qilinib, ularni O‘zbekiston sharoitiga moslashtirish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, Agile’ni bosqichma-bosqich joriy etish, pilot loyihalar orqali tajriba sinovi, gibrid (aralash) boshqaruv modellarini qo‘llash, rahbarlar va xodimlarni tizimli o‘qitish hamda transformatsiya muvaffaqiyatini baholashning yangi KPI tizimini ishlab chiqish bo‘yicha ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

International financial cooperation has become an increasingly important instrument for strengthening social stability, particularly in economies exposed to financial crises, unemployment, poverty, migration pressures, public-health emergencies, and other external shocks. Cooperation among national governments, international financial institutions, regional development banks, donor agencies, and multilateral funds can contribute not only to macroeconomic stabilization but also to the protection of employment, household incomes, access to essential public services, social inclusion, and human-capital development. This article examines the impact of international financial cooperation on social stability through selected successful experiences, including the European Union’s Support to Mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) instrument, the Global Concessional Finance Facility and related programs in Jordan, Asian Development Bank support for social resilience in Bangladesh, and international financial cooperation supporting social protection reforms in Uzbekistan. The study applies a comparative and descriptive analytical approach based on secondary data from international financial institutions. The findings indicate that the social impact of international financing is greatest when financial assistance is closely integrated with targeted social protection, employment measures, institutional reforms, digital delivery mechanisms, and transparent monitoring systems. The article concludes that international financial cooperation should increasingly be viewed as a multidimensional mechanism for maintaining social resilience rather than merely as an instrument for correcting macroeconomic imbalances.

Ischemic stroke in young patients is an important cerebrovascular condition associated with a combination of clinical, metabolic, immunological, and genetic risk factors. The development of stroke at a young age may be influenced by hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, smoking, physical inactivity, cardiovascular disorders, inflammatory processes, and hereditary predisposition. The aim of this study was to assess the main clinical, metabolic, and immunogenetic factors associated with ischemic stroke in young patients and to emphasize the importance of their comprehensive evaluation. Particular attention was given to neurological manifestations, blood pressure, body mass index, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers, thrombophilic factors, and genetic predisposition. The analysis showed that the interaction of several risk factors may contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and cerebrovascular injury. Immunological and genetic factors may be particularly relevant in young patients when conventional cardiovascular risk factors do not fully explain the development of stroke. Early identification of modifiable risk factors and appropriate assessment of immunological and genetic characteristics may improve individual risk stratification.

В статье рассматриваются международные подходы к оценке материнской смертности в период пандемии COVID-19. Анализируются основные медицинские, эпидемиологические и организационные факторы, влияющие на здоровье беременных женщин и исходы беременности. Особое внимание уделено влиянию COVID-19, доступности акушерской помощи, своевременности диагностики и профилактике осложнений. Рассматривается значение международных критериев для объективной оценки причин материнской смертности и совершенствования медицинской помощи женщинам в условиях эпидемиологических кризисов.