First steps of colonization of Northern America, was reaccept in XVI c. But they not lead to origin of constant settlement. In the South part of North America (modern state of Virginia0 was created the colony of Jamestown in 1606. This colony used the patronage of English crown and her support; in 1619 the ship of Holland brought their slaves – African Negroes. It was the beginning of slave trade in America. The colony of Virginia was the first place in New World where was firmly established the English language; but it did not take place in the process of its establishing [1].
Мақолада давлат молияси тизимини ислоҳ қилиш борасида кўзда тутилган тадбирлар, бюджет харажатларидан самарали фойдаланиш тамойилларига амал қилиш, фискал жавобгарлик ва ҳисобдорликни кучайтириш, бюджет очиқлигини таъминлаш, фискал таваккалчиликларни бошқариш масалаларига катта эътибор қаратилган.
In this article, the place of aluminum in the periodic table and its physical and chemical properties, which is one of the elements belonging to group III A of the periodic system, is studied. Aluminum is a metal with atomic number 13 in the third period and group III A of the periodic table. This article analyzes properties of aluminum such as atomic structure, ionization energy, electronegativity and oxidation state. Aluminum's physical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical behavior, are also discussed extensively. In particular, its passivation under the influence of the atmosphere and resistance to corrosion are shown as one of the important aspects. The article also briefly covers the importance of aluminum in industry and technology, its extraction and processing.