This paper explores the physiological and pathophysiological responses of the human body to stress. Stress, defined as any challenge that disrupts homeostasis, triggers complex mechanisms involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Acute stress activates adaptive responses, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system, which prepare the body to handle immediate threats. However, chronic stress leads to sustained hormonal imbalances, immune suppression, and increased inflammation, contributing to various diseases including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and mental health issues. The dual nature of stress highlights the importance of effective management strategies to maintain health and prevent disease progression. This paper also discusses current understanding of stress-immune system interactions and suggests holistic approaches for stress reduction and health improvement.

Ushbu maqola Mirzo Ulug'bekning iqtisodiy va ilmiy merosini tangalar zarbi orqali yoritishga bag‘ishlangan. Ulug'bek O‘rta Osiyo tarixidagi yirik olim va hukmdor sifatida nafaqat astronomiya va matematika sohalarida, balki iqtisodiy rivojlanishda ham muhim rol o‘ynagan.Ushbu maqola Mirzo Ulug'bekning iqtisodiy va ilmiy merosini tangalar zarbi orqali yoritishga bag‘ishlangan. Ulug'bek O‘rta Osiyo tarixidagi yirik olim va hukmdor sifatida nafaqat astronomiya va matematika sohalarida, balki iqtisodiy rivojlanishda ham muhim rol o‘ynagan.

В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.

Bul maqalada oqiwshilardiń óz-ózin bahalaw dárejesi menen olardiń oqiw iskerligindegi jetiskenlik ortasindaǵi psixologik baylanis analiz etiledi. Izertlewde ‘’óz- ózin bahalaw’’ tu’siniginiń mazmuni, qáliplesiw faktorlari hám oniń oqiw processindegi áhmiyeti aship beriledi. Sonday-aq óz-ózin joqari dárejede bahalawshi oqiwshilardiń ózlestiriw kórsetkishleri joqari boliwi, pás bahalawshi oqiwshilar ese oqiw iskerliginde isenimsizlik penen ajralip turiwi kórsetilgen.

Bul maqalada emocional sharshaw sindromı (burnout) túsinigi, onıń qáliplesiw sebepleri hám ásirese, sociallıq belsendilik penen baylanıslı júzege keletuǵın psixologiyalıq hám fiziologiyalıq qáwip-qáterler tallanǵan. Sonday-aq, sindromnıń aldın alıw boyınsha usınıslar da berilgen.