Ushbu maqola smart-kontraktlar va an’anaviy shartnomalarning o‘xshash va farqli jihatlarini taqqosiy tahlil qiladi. Maqolada ularning mohiyati, tuzilishi, ijro etilishi, qo‘llanilish sohalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Alohida e’tibor smart-kontraktlarni tuzish, ijro etish va buzishning huquqiy oqibatlariga qaratiladi. Tahlil natijasida smart-kontraktlarning afzalliklari va cheklovlari aniqlanadi hamda ularning zamonaviy fuqarolik huquqidagi o‘rni baholanadi.

В статье рассматриваются методы обучения информатике студентов непрофильных направлений с целью развития у них креативного мышления. Предлагается развить креативное мышление у студентов с помощью включения в образовательный процесс таких педагогических технологий, как: проектная деятельность, игровая форма обучения, творческие задания, методы критического мышления.

Beta funksiyasi, ehtimollik nazariyasi va statistikada muhim ahamiyatga ega. U beta taqsimotini ifodalashda qo‘llaniladi, bu taqsimot esa o‘zgaruvchilarning chegarali intervaldagi taqsimlanishiga asoslangan modellarni yaratishda qo‘llanadi. Statistikada va genetika, molekulyar biologiya kabi sohalarda beta funksiyasi orqali optimallashtirish va parametrlarni baholash amalga oshiriladi.

Ushbu maqolada turkologiyaning dolzarb mavzularidan biri, xususan, hozirgi qoraqalpoq tilshunosligidagi etnografizmlar muhokama qilinadi. Ayniqsa, bu yo‘nalishda chuqur va har tomonlama tadqiqot olib borish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada qoraqalpoq adabiyotining yetuk vakili, shoira G. Davletova ijodida uchraydigan etnografizmlar uslubiy jihatdan tahlili amalga oshirilgan.

This article examines the evolving challenges that artificial intelligence (AI) poses to traditional copyright frameworks, focusing specifically on AI-generated content. It begins by defining AI-generated works and exploring why these outputs disrupt long-standing legal principles, such as human authorship, originality, and creative expression. The article then conducts a comparative legal analysis between the United States and Uzbekistan—two jurisdictions with markedly different levels of technological development and legal infrastructure. In the U.S., copyright protection is explicitly reserved for human creators, as reinforced by recent case law and the U.S. Copyright Office’s guidance. Conversely, Uzbekistan's legal framework does not yet address AI-generated content, offering both challenges due to legal uncertainty and opportunities for progressive reform. The article highlights the lack of legal precedent in Uzbekistan and underscores the importance of establishing a coherent IP policy that balances innovation and legal protection. Through this comparative approach, the article aims to inform policymakers, scholars, and practitioners on how different jurisdictions can adapt or reform copyright law in response to AI advancements. It concludes by advocating for flexible, forward-looking legal strategies that accommodate technological change while upholding the fundamental principles of intellectual property.