Mazkur maqolada rangtasvir san’atida nur va soya vositalarining badiiy hamda dramaturgik ifodaviy kuchi tahlil qilinadi. Nur va soyaning psixologik obraz yaratishdagi o‘rni, tenebrizm uslubining qadimiy va zamonaviy san’atdagi talqinlari, shuningdek, yorug‘lik kontrasti orqali kompozitsion yechimga erishish yondashuvlari yoritiladi.

Qadimgi turkiy tillar, xususan XIII asrgacha bo‘lgan davr til materiallarini to‘plagan Sir Gerard Clauson o‘zining “An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish” nomli nodir asarida turkiy tillar etimologiyasiga yirik hissa qo‘shgan. Mazkur lug‘atda minglab fe’llar fonetik, morfologik va semantik mezonlar asosida izohlangan. Qadimiy matnlardagi shakllari, turli turkiy lahjalardagi variantlari, qo‘llanish konteksti, hosila so‘zlar yasalishi haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar berilgan. Ushbu maqolada Sir Gerard Clausonning etimologik lugʻati asosida Chigʻatoy tilidagi ayrim fe’llarning kelib chiqishi, semantik o‘zgarishlari va boshqa turkiy tillardagi shakllari tahlil qilinadi. Etimologik izlanishlar orqali bu fe’llarning tarixiy-maʼnaviy qatlamlari yoritilib, ularning zamonaviy o‘zbek tilidagi izlari ko‘rsatiladi.

Ushbu maqolada didaktik o‘yinlarning bolalar rivojlanishidagi ahamiyati yoritilgan. Xususan, o‘yinlar orqali bolalarning bilish faoliyati, nutqi, tafakkuri, xotirasi va emotsional salohiyati qanday shakllanishi tahlil etilgan. Maqolada turli yosh guruhlariga mos didaktik o‘yin turlari, ularning pedagogik maqsadlari va samaralari misollar bilan asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy texnologiyalarga asoslangan interaktiv o‘yinlarning ta’limdagi o‘rni va natijadorligi amaliy tajribalar asosida ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan.

This article explores Iran-Ottoman relations during the Qajar era (1794–1925), highlighting both cooperation and competition between the two neighbors. Their collaboration brought significant achievements in economy, culture, politics, and security, while conflicts—mainly rooted in border issues, ethnic minorities, and foreign interventions (particularly Russian and British)—often led to wars. Despite these tensions, efforts to maintain peaceful relations marked this era as relatively stable compared to earlier periods like the Safavid, Afsharid, and Zand dynasties. Key events such as the First and Second Treaties of Erzurum reflect the deepening of bilateral ties. Although full success was not achieved, this period holds a notable place in the history of both nations for fostering cooperation in political, cultural, economic, and military spheres. The study adopts a descriptive and library-based research approach, concluding that these shared interests are strong foundations for continued collaboration.

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most prevalent primary malignant renal tumor in children, accounting for approximately 90% of pediatric renal malignancies. Early and accurate diagnosis plays a critical role in the prognosis and overall treatment success. The role of radiological imaging in Wilms tumor extends beyond mere detection; it includes staging, treatment planning, and monitoring response to therapy. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting Wilms tumor in children. Comparative evaluations of each modality’s sensitivity, specificity, and limitations are supported by recent case statistics and clinical findings. An integrated radiological approach can enhance clinical outcomes, reduce unnecessary surgical interventions, and facilitate personalized care strategies.