This text analyzes the role of motivational approach in developing entrepreneurial skills among learners. It emphasizes key psychological factors such as intrinsic motivation, self efficacy, growth mindset, and resilience. Research shows these elements form a robust foundation for persistence, creative thinking, and initiating practical entrepreneurial activities . The annotation also explores how motivational strategies can be enhanced through hands-on activities, role models, and recognition of short-term achievements in education. The conclusion highlights that an integrated motivational approach effectively prepares students for entrepreneurial engagement.

Affix productivity in Modern English represents a dynamic aspect of morphological development, reflecting both linguistic innovation and functional necessity. Derivational and inflectional affixes contribute significantly to word formation, enabling the language to expand its lexicon efficiently. Among the most productive affixes are -ness, -er, -less, and -ize, which continue to generate new lexical items in contemporary usage. The degree of affix productivity varies based on frequency, semantic transparency, and the openness of lexical categories they attach to. Productive affixes tend to be more flexible and are often used in neologisms and informal contexts. Recent linguistic studies have shown that technological, social, and cultural changes heavily influence affix usage and productivity rates. Furthermore, corpus-based approaches help quantify affix productivity and track morphological trends in real-world data. Understanding affix productivity is essential not only for morphological theory but also for practical

Mazkur mavzuda XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Toshkent shahrining demografik holati, aholining milliy, ijtimoiy va kasbiy tarkibidagi oʻzgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Rossiya imperiyasi tomonidan Toshkentning bosib olinishi va bu davrda olib borilgan siyosiy, iqtisodiy islohotlar shaharning aholisi soni va tarkibida sezilarli oʻzgarishlarga olib kelgan. Ayniqsa, rus aholisi ulushining ortishi, yangi mahallalar va sanoat tumanlarining vujudga kelishi, migratsiya jarayonlari natijasida aholi tarkibining xilma-xillashuvi kabi omillar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, bu oʻzgarishlarning shaharning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy hayotiga ta’siri ham yoritiladi.

Mazkur maqola punktuatsion savodxonlik muammolarini pedagogik jihatdan tahlil qilish va ularning yechimlari yo'llarini tadqiq etishga bag'ishlangan. Tadqiqotda punktuatsiya belgilaridan to'g'ri foydalanishning zamonaviy ta'lim tizimidagi o'rni, o'quvchilar va talabalar orasida kuzatilayotgan punktuatsion xatolar turlari hamda bu sohada qarashli pedagogik yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Adabiyotlar tahlili orqali punktuatsion savodxonlik darajasini oshirishning innovatsion metodlari va an'anaviy ta'lim usullarining samaradorligi baholanadi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, punktuatsion savodxonlik muammolari kompleks yondashuv va zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar qo'llanilishi orqali hal etilishi mumkin.

В статье рассматривается вопрос об основных преобразованиях и реформах в области образования, которые стимулируют дальнейшее развитие основных сфер жизни общества в Узбекистане. Анализируются пути достижения нового Ренессанса на основе поставленных стратегических задач государства.