In international documents, various definitions of torture have been presented, with the most comprehensive and reasonable being the definition provided in the Convention Against Torture of 1984. Article 1 of this Convention states that, for the purposes of the Convention, the term "torture" refers to any intentional act that causes severe physical or mental pain or suffering to a person, for the purpose of obtaining information or confessions from him or a third person. It also encompasses punishing a person for an act that he or a third person has committed or is suspected of committing, or threatening or coercing him or a third person. Punishment based on any form of discrimination is also considered torture. However, the same article adds that pain and suffering resulting from the inherent or incidental characteristics of lawful penalties are excluded from this definition. Among the international guarantees against torture in the international legal system are the Convention Against Torture of 1984, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Geneva Conventions, the Statute of the International Criminal Court, the European Convention on Human Rights, the American Convention on Human Rights, and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. Establishing the position of the prohibition of torture in the international legal system as one of the absolute principles contributes to preventing violations of the prohibition of torture, upholding human rights, and ensuring fair trials within the judicial process.

В текущей статье анализируются вопросы определения содержания норм зарубежного семейного права в Республике Узбекистан.

Ushbu maqolada ramziy interaksionizm nazariyasining asosiy tamoyillari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot asosida Blumer (1969), Mead (1934), Cooley (1902), Goffman (1959), Stryker (1980), Denzin (1992), Schutz (1967), Garfinkel (1967) kabi nazariya asoschilari va zamonaviy izlanishlar natijalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola ramziy interaksionizmning asosiy g‘oyalari – ma’no qurilishi, o‘zaro ta’sirning roli, shaxsning shakllanishi va ijtimoiy konstruktsiyalarni anglash mexanizmlarini keng ko‘lamda ilmiy ma’lumotlar, raqamlar va statistik dalillar yordamida tahlil qiladi. Natijalar sotsiologiya, psixologiya va ijtimoiy psixologiya fanlariga amaliy va nazariy hissa qo‘shadi.

В статье рассматривается значение научно-исследовательской деятельности в педагогике как инструмента поиска эффективных форм работы с детьми старшего дошкольного возраста. Особое внимание уделено использованию квест-игр как средства формирования навыков сотрудничества у детей 6–7 лет. Представлены результаты анализа теоретических подходов и обозначены практические рекомендации по организации квест-игр в образовательной деятельности.

Ushbu maqolada zilzilaga tayyorgarlik ko‘rish, zilzila vaqtida va undan keyin to‘g‘ri harakat qilish qoidalari yoritilgan. Zilzila — ogohlantirmaydigan tabiiy ofat bo‘lib, unga qarshi kurashishning yagona yo‘li — oldindan tayyorlik, bilim va hushyorlikdir. Maqolada xonadon xavfsizligini ta’minlash, favqulodda holatlar sumkasini tayyorlash, bolalar, yoshi katta va nogiron fuqarolar xavfsizligi, ruhiy tayyorgarlik, mahalla va jamoaning roli, texnologik vositalardan foydalanish va evakuatsiya rejasi haqida amaliy tavsiyalar berilgan. Shuningdek, zilzila vaqtida sarosimaga tushmaslik, “Yotish, qoplash va ushlash” qoidasi, xavfli zonalardan uzoqlashish va yordam so‘rash kabi asosiy harakatlar ham yoritilgan. Ushbu maqola aholining zilzilaga nisbatan ongli va tayyor bo‘lishiga, inson hayotini asrashga xizmat qiladi.