The determination of metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in various samples is crucial for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and biomedical applications. This study explores the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, a rapid and reliable technique based on the absorption of light by metal-ligand complexes. Optimal conditions for the detection, including wavelength selection, reagent concentration, and pH, were investigated to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Calibration curves were constructed to determine the linearity and detection limits for each ion. The method was applied to real samples, and results were validated against standard techniques. The findings demonstrate that UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ determination in various matrices.

Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarini o‘qitishda zamonaviy innovatsion metodlardan foydalanishning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Ta’lim jarayonida ilg‘or pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo‘llash, interfaol usullar orqali o‘quvchilarning faolligini oshirish, ularning mustaqil fikrlash qobiliyatini rivojlantirish masalalariga e’tibor qaratilgan. Shuningdek, STEAM-ta’lim, raqamli texnologiyalar, gamifikatsiya va differensial yondashuv kabi zamonaviy usullarni boshlang‘ich ta’limga integratsiya qilishning samaradorligi tahlil qilingan. Maqolada ilgari surilgan fikrlar amaliy misollar bilan mustahkamlangan bo‘lib, boshlang‘ich ta’lim sifatini oshirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Mazkur ilmiy maqolada O‘zbekistonda inklyuziv ta’lim tizimini rivojlantirish jarayonidagi zamonaviy muammolar va ularni hal qilishning mumkin bo‘lgan yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada inklyuziv ta’limning asosiy tamoyillari, muammolari, shuningdek, ta'lim infratuzilmasini yaxshilash, o‘qituvchilarni tayyorlash, ijtimoiy stereotiplarga qarshi kurashish va iqtisodiy resurslarni ko‘paytirish kabi muhim yo‘llar ko‘rsatilgan. O‘zbekistonda inklyuziv ta’limni rivojlantirish orqali nogironligi bo‘lgan bolalar va o‘qishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelgan bolalar uchun teng imkoniyatlar yaratish maqsad qilingan.

Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease characterized by a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher in the arteries. This pathology is widespread worldwide and negatively impacts the functioning of vital organs such as the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. The causes of hypertension are divided into two main types: primary (essential) and secondary. Among the primary risk factors, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, and stress play a significant role. In the early stages of the disease, noticeable symptoms may not be observed, but symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and palpitations can develop. Timely diagnosis and treatment, including adopting a healthy lifestyle, are crucial in preventing severe complications of hypertension. Modern computer technologies play an important role in diagnosing and managing hypertension. They ensure early detection of the disease, improve treatment quality, and enhance the quality of life for patients. Expanding the use of these technologies in medicine could significantly reduce hypertension-related complications in the future.

Hozirgi vaqtda avtomobil transporti inson hayoti uchun katta qulaylik yaratish bilan birga, atrof-muhitga ham sezilarli darajada zarar yetkazmoqda. Avtomobillarning ko‘payishi, yo‘llarning kengayishi va transport harakatining ortishi ekologik muammolarning keskinlashuviga sabab bo‘lmoqda. Ushbu maqolada avtomobil yo‘llari bilan bog‘liq asosiy ekologik muammolar va ularni hal etish bo‘yicha chora-tadbirlar tahlil qilinadi.