This work studies the similarities and differences between the grammar of English and Uzbek in a comparative manner. Particular attention is paid to the word classes, sentence structure, tense system, word order, and verb forms of both languages. The analytical structure of English and the agglutinative features of Uzbek are analyzed by comparison using examples. Grammatical problems encountered in the translation process and ways to overcome them are also considered. This work may be useful for language learners, translators, and linguists.

Ushbu maqolada kichik maktab yosh xususiyatlari, ularning psixologiyasi, bilish jarayonlari, irodaviy sifatlari, shaxslararo munosabati va muloqotchanligi, o’qish faoliyati kabi asosiy jihatlari hamda farzand tarbiyasi haqida aytib òtilgan fikrlar bilan ham tanishib chiqishingiz mumkin.

Navoiyning «Muhokamat ul - lug‘atayn»idagi 100 ta fe’lning semantik xususiyatlarini o‘rganish nomli ushbu maqola, eski o‘zbek va fors tillarining semantik tizimini chuqur tahlil qilishga qaratilgan. Mazkur fe’llarning so‘z qirralari, ma’no kengligi, ularning ideografik sinonimlari hamda kontekstual antonimlari tahlil qilinadi. Shuning uchun ham mazkur fe’llarning qanday semantik xususiyatlari borligini o‘rganish maqolamizning maqsadidir. Ushbu maqolaning moddiy manbalari, asosan, Navoiyning o‘z asarlari va uning asarlariga bag‘ishlangan Turkiya, Eron va O‘zbekiston kabi davlatlarda chop etilgan kitoblardan unumli foydalanib, mazkur fe’llarning ma’nolari dastlab Navoiyning o‘z asarlarida hamda uning asarlariga bag‘ishlangan asarlar bilan birma-bir qiyoslanib, topilgan ma’nolar asosida, uning semantik xususiyatlari tahlil ostiga olinadi. Bundan tashqari, Navoiyning bu fe’llarni tanlashdan maqsadi, har bir fe’lning ko‘plab ma’nolarini ko‘rsatish va ularni bir-biriga bog‘lash orqali tilning ifodaviylik imkoniyatlarini yanada kengaytirishga intilganligini ayniqsa, fe’llarning ma’nosidagi nozik farqlar va ularning kontekstual o‘zgaruvchanligi muhim ahamiyatga ega. Shuningdek, Navoiyning tahlillari yordamida eski o‘zbek va fors tillaridagi fe’l va ularning semantik rang-barangligi haqida yangi ilmiy fikrlar va nazariyalar shakllantiriladi hamda Navoiyning tilshunoslikdagi yuqori bilimini va uning eski o‘zbek va fors tillari o‘rtasidagi semantik bog‘lanishlarni qanday chuqur o‘rganganini ko‘rsatadi.

One of the categories of Sharia crimes is the Hudud crimes. By consensus among Sunni jurists, theft is classified as a Hudud crime, for which the prescribed punishment is amputation of the hand. However, in certain cases, the implementation of the punishment for theft is suspended, particularly when there is doubt regarding the crime's occurrence. Based on a Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Hudud are not implemented in cases of doubt. In such instances, the offender will be punished according to the Penal Code of Afghanistan, specifically referencing Article 2, Paragraph 1, and Article 699, Paragraph 2. This research aims to clarify the foundation and application of the rule of Dar- al-Hudud in the context of theft according to Sunni jurisprudence and to examine its penal consequences in the Afghanistan’s Penal Code. The significance of this research lies in its first step of outlining the applications of this rule, which includes the conditions for the suspension of the punishment for theft in Sunni jurisprudence, and examining the penal consequences for the offender based on the Afghanistan’s Penal Code. In the second step, while applying this rule to the crime of theft and the Afghanistan’s Penal Code, it aims to free the reader from the need to reference other sources, which are mostly in Arabic. Additionally, it is crucial for defense attorneys when preparing defenses, for prosecutors when drafting charges, and for judges during hearings and rulings. The methodology used in this research is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library resources. This study will clarify the terms used in the title and discuss the applications of this rule, including: wrongful appropriation of property, embezzlement, denial of deposit, theft of the Quran, burial shrouds, low-value items, theft not from a secured location, theft from places of worship, etc. In such cases, the punishment for theft is not implemented, and the offender is penalized according to the Afghanistan’s Penal Code.

This article analyzes the spiritual and moral characteristics of schoolchildren and provides information about the pedagogical criteria for educating young people in the context of a modern axiological approach to pedagogy. Based on the results of our research, the novelty of the pedagogical phenomenon is that the main goal is to strengthen national values, which characterize the specific features of the implementation of the axiological approach, and to focus on the education and upbringing of young people, increasing their worldview. It is to educate young people as a spiritually and morally mature, harmonious generation while preserving the intellectual identity of the younger generation as a strategic resource for society and the whole state.